Homami Amene, Ghazi Farideh
MSc Student, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2016 Dec 29;30:475. eCollection 2016.
Bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. Recently, numerous studies demonstrated that microRNAs are emerging as diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer. Specific miRNA profiles have been identified for several samples from patients with bladder cancer. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules of approximately 23 nucleotides that play important roles in multiple steps during the progression of bladder cancer. Here, we review the expression profiles of miRNAs and their biological functions, regulation, and clinical implications in bladder cancer. Either downregulation or upregulation of miRNAs occurs in bladder cancer through epigenetic changes or defects of the biogenesis apparatus. Deregulation of miRNAs is involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and other functions in bladder cancer. A number of miRNAs, have been associated with tumor type, stage, or patient survival, and miRNAs might be developed as diagnostic or prognostic markers. A better understanding of the roles of miRNAs in bladder cancer will shed light on the molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer.
膀胱癌是第五大常见癌症，具有较高的发病率和死亡率。最近，大量研究表明，微小RNA正成为膀胱癌的诊断生物标志物。已为膀胱癌患者的多个样本鉴定出特定的微小RNA谱。微小RNA是约23个核苷酸的非编码RNA分子，在膀胱癌进展的多个步骤中发挥重要作用。在此，我们综述了微小RNA在膀胱癌中的表达谱及其生物学功能、调控和临床意义。微小RNA在膀胱癌中通过表观遗传变化或生物发生机制缺陷发生下调或上调。微小RNA的失调参与了膀胱癌的细胞周期停滞、凋亡、增殖、转移、耐药性及其他功能。许多微小RNA与肿瘤类型、分期或患者生存率相关，微小RNA可能被开发为诊断或预后标志物。更好地理解微小RNA在膀胱癌中的作用将有助于揭示膀胱癌的分子机制。
