Jagiełło Krzysztof, Zalewski Tomasz, Dobosz Stefan, Michalik Oliwia, Ocalewicz Konrad
Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. M. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Department of Salmonid Research, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Rutki, 83-330 Żukowo, Poland.
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2975187. doi: 10.1155/2017/2975187. Epub 2017 Apr 9.
Mitotic gynogenesis results in the production of fully homozygous individuals in a single generation. Since inbred fish were found to exhibit an increased frequency of body deformations that may affect their survival, the main focus of this research was to evaluate the ratio of individuals with spinal deformities among gynogenetic doubled haploids (DHs) brown trout as compared to nonmanipulated heterozygous individuals. Gynogenetic development was induced by the activation of brown trout eggs by UV-irradiated homologous and heterologous (rainbow trout) spermatozoa. The subsequent exposure of the activated eggs to the high hydrostatic pressure disturbed the first cleavage in gynogenetic zygotes and enabled duplication of the maternal haploid set of chromosomes. The survival rate was significantly higher among gynogenetic brown trout hatched from eggs activated with the homologous UV-irradiated spermatozoa when compared to DHs hatched from eggs activated by the heterologous spermatozoa. More than 35% of the gynogenetic larvae exhibited body deformities, mostly lordosis and scoliosis. The percentage of malformed brown trout from the control group did not exceed 15%. The increased number of deformed larvae among DHs brown trout suggested rather a genetic background of the disease related to the fish spine deformities; however, both genetic and environmental factors were discussed as a cause of such conditions in fish.
有丝分裂雌核发育可在一代中产生完全纯合的个体。由于发现近交鱼类出现身体畸形的频率增加，这可能会影响它们的生存，因此本研究的主要重点是评估雌核发育加倍单倍体（DHs）褐鳟中脊柱畸形个体与未处理的杂合个体的比例。通过用紫外线照射的同源和异源（虹鳟）精子激活褐鳟卵来诱导雌核发育。随后将激活的卵暴露于高静水压力下，扰乱了雌核发育合子的第一次卵裂，并使母本单倍体染色体组加倍。与用异源精子激活的卵孵化出的DHs相比，用同源紫外线照射的精子激活的卵孵化出的雌核发育褐鳟的存活率显著更高。超过35%的雌核发育幼虫表现出身体畸形，主要是脊柱前凸和脊柱侧凸。对照组畸形褐鳟的百分比不超过15%。DHs褐鳟中畸形幼虫数量的增加表明这种与鱼脊柱畸形相关的疾病具有遗传背景；然而，遗传和环境因素都被认为是鱼类出现这种情况的原因。
