Lyamin Oleg I, Mukhametov Lev M, Siegel Jerome M
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia; Utrish Dolphinarium Ltd., Moscow, Russia.
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia; Utrish Dolphinarium Ltd., Moscow, Russia.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2017 Jun;44:144-151. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.009. Epub 2017 May 12.
The pattern of sleep in the fur seal, a semiaquatic pinniped, has several striking behavioral and physiological adaptations that allow this species to inhabit both the land and water environment. These features include unihemispheric slow wave sleep (USWS, also being unihemispheric waking), the ability to maintain movement for stabilization of the sleep posture and to briefly open one eye while having a sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) in one hemisphere. In vivo microdialysis studies suggest that acetylcholine release is required for cortical activation during USWS, and that monoamines are not required for USWS. The need to breathe, to maintain efficient thermoregulation, and to avoid predation have shaped the sleep patterns in semiaquatic fur seals as in fully aquatic cetaceans.
海狗是一种半水生鳍足类动物，其睡眠模式具有一些显著的行为和生理适应性，使该物种能够同时栖息于陆地和水环境。这些特征包括单侧半球慢波睡眠（USWS，也称为单侧半球清醒）、在睡眠时能够保持运动以稳定睡眠姿势，以及在一侧半球进行睡眠脑电图（EEG）监测时能够短暂睁开一只眼睛。体内微透析研究表明，在单侧半球慢波睡眠期间，乙酰胆碱释放是皮层激活所必需的，而单胺类物质并非单侧半球慢波睡眠所必需。与完全水生的鲸类动物一样，呼吸需求、维持高效体温调节以及避免被捕食等因素塑造了半水生海狗的睡眠模式。
