Gadolinium accumulation after contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Which implications in patients with Crohn's disease?

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bowel, characterized by an alternation of remission and relapse phases, leading to a progressive intestinal damage with loss of function. Magnetic resonance enterography has been widely used in the past for the evaluation of fistulizing disease, but its use increased over time, being considered helpful in different moments of disease course. Intravenous injection of Gadolinium-based contrast agents has been demonstrated to be crucial to assess mucosal inflammation, transmural involvement, and extraintestinal disease. Recently, Gadolinium accumulation in human tissues has been increasingly reported, although clinical implications of this event are still unclear. In the present paper, we review the main evidence on the topic, focusing on the potential implications for gastroenterological practice.