Stillman Chelsea M, Weinstein Andrea M, Marsland Anna L, Gianaros Peter J, Erickson Kirk I
Department of Psychiatry, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA.
Department of Behavioral and Community and Health Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 May 1;9:115. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00115. eCollection 2017.
Obesity is a growing public health problem in the United States, particularly in middle-aged and older adults. Although the key factors leading to a population increase in body weight are still under investigation, there is evidence that certain behavioral interventions can mitigate the negative cognitive and brain ("neurocognitive") health consequences of obesity. The two primary behaviors most often targeted for weight loss are caloric intake and physical activity. These behaviors might have independent, as well as overlapping/synergistic effects on neurocognitive health. To date obesity is often described independently from behavioral interventions in regards to neurocognitive outcomes, yet there is conceptual and mechanistic overlap between these constructs. This review summarizes evidence linking obesity and modifiable behaviors, such as physical activity and diet, with brain morphology (e.g., gray and white matter volume and integrity), brain function (e.g., functional activation and connectivity), and cognitive function across the adult lifespan. In particular, we review evidence bearing on the following question:
肥胖在美国是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题，在中年及老年人群中尤为突出。尽管导致总体体重增加的关键因素仍在研究之中，但有证据表明，某些行为干预措施可以减轻肥胖对认知和大脑（“神经认知”）健康产生的负面影响。减肥最常针对的两种主要行为是热量摄入和体育活动。这些行为可能对神经认知健康具有独立以及重叠/协同的作用。迄今为止，在神经认知结果方面，肥胖通常与行为干预分开描述，但这些概念之间存在概念和机制上的重叠。本综述总结了将肥胖与可改变的行为（如体育活动和饮食）与大脑形态（如灰质和白质体积及完整性）、大脑功能（如功能激活和连通性）以及整个成年期认知功能联系起来的证据。特别是，我们综述了与以下问题相关的证据：
