School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
Institut für Sportökonomie und Sportmanagement, Deutsche Sporthochschule, Köln, Germany.
Eur J Public Health. 2018 Feb 1;28(1):99-104. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx063.
Policy agencies are now re-visiting early aspirations that sport, as a form of physical activity, can be an instrument to foster general health and also subjective well-being (SWB). Both of these concepts capture physical and mental health states. SWB also encompasses broader psychological and life satisfaction as well as mood and affect. Past and current policies also identify a link between sport, social capital and SWB.
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is undertaken on data from the UK's Taking Part survey to investigate the interrelationships between sport, general health, social capital and SWB.
The SEM shows a simultaneous relationship between sport and SWB. The effect is mediated through general health. The results also show that there is no relationship between social capital and sport but a clear relationship between SWB and social capital.
From a health policy perspective there should be an emphasis on encouraging greater sport participation, despite the difficulties that this poses, because there is a potential 'multiplier' effect on SWB and on general health through mediation. The multiplier effect occurs because once someone engages in sport and has their general health and SWB enhanced, then even further sport participation becomes likely, and subsequent general health and SWB, which would comprise both physical and mental health benefits. To target traditional non participants the research suggests that physical activity should be promoted for enjoyment, with health benefits subsequently following.
政策制定机构现在重新审视了早期的愿望，即运动作为一种体育活动，可以成为促进整体健康和主观幸福感（SWB）的手段。这两个概念都捕捉到了身心健康状态。SWB 还包括更广泛的心理和生活满意度以及情绪和情感。过去和现在的政策也确定了运动、社会资本和 SWB 之间的联系。
使用英国参与调查的数据，采用结构方程模型（SEM）来研究运动、一般健康、社会资本和 SWB 之间的相互关系。
SEM 显示了运动和 SWB 之间的同步关系。这种影响通过一般健康来调节。结果还表明，社会资本与运动之间没有关系，但 SWB 与社会资本之间存在明显关系。
从健康政策的角度来看，应该强调鼓励更多的运动参与，尽管这存在困难，因为通过中介作用，对 SWB 和一般健康有潜在的“乘数”效应。乘数效应发生是因为一旦有人参与运动并增强了他们的一般健康和 SWB，那么他们就更有可能进一步参与运动，从而获得随后的一般健康和 SWB，这将包括身心健康的益处。为了针对传统的非参与者，研究表明应促进体育活动以获得享受，随后会带来健康益处。
