Nwankwo U, Fasunla A J, Oladokun A, Nwaorgu O G
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Niger J Clin Pract. 2017 May;20(5):610-615. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.206367.
Pregnant women require normal olfactory function in order to develop good appetite for healthy living and normal fetal development. This study was carried out to investigate and compare olfactory function of pregnant women with non-pregnant women.
This was a case control study of women in reproductive age group at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from July 2014 to February 2015. Consecutive 70 pregnant women and 70 non-pregnant women (controls) without rhinologic symptoms were studied. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain participants' information on socio-demographics, pregnancy history, and ability to perceive smell. They subjectively rated their olfactory function on a visual analogue scale of 0 - 100. Olfactory threshold (OT), discrimination (OD), identification (OI) scores and TDI of both groups were determined with"Sniffin' sticks"kits and compared. The level of significance was P<0.05.
The mean age of the pregnant women was 30.5±3.9years and control was 28.5±6.6years. There were more pregnant women (7.1%) with hyposmia than the non-pregnant women (2.9%). The subjective rating of olfactory function was 68.2±24.9 (median 70) and 72.3±21.6 (median 69) in pregnant women and controls respectively. The mean OT, OD, OI, TDI scores were higher in pregnant women than the controls. However, it was only in OI (P=0.000) and TDI (P=0.012) that the differences were significant.
Pregnant women have olfactory dysfunction more than the non-pregnant women of reproductive age group. Also, they have tendency to develop loss of cognitive olfactory information more than the non-pregnant women.
孕妇需要正常的嗅觉功能，以便培养良好的食欲以维持健康生活和促进胎儿正常发育。本研究旨在调查并比较孕妇与非孕妇的嗅觉功能。
这是一项于2014年7月至2015年2月在尼日利亚伊巴丹大学学院医院对育龄妇女进行的病例对照研究。研究了70名连续入选的无鼻科症状的孕妇和70名非孕妇（对照组）。采用结构化问卷获取参与者的社会人口统计学、妊娠史和嗅觉感知能力等信息。她们在0至100的视觉模拟量表上主观评价自己的嗅觉功能。使用“嗅觉棒”试剂盒测定两组的嗅觉阈值（OT）、辨别力（OD）、识别力（OI）得分和嗅觉功能综合评分（TDI）并进行比较。显著性水平为P<0.05。
孕妇的平均年龄为30.5±3.9岁，对照组为28.5±6.6岁。嗅觉减退的孕妇（7.1%）多于非孕妇（2.9%）。孕妇和对照组嗅觉功能的主观评分为分别为68.2±24.9（中位数70）和72.3±21.6（中位数69）。孕妇的平均OT、OD、OI、TDI得分高于对照组。然而，只有在OI（P=0.000）和TDI（P=0.012）方面差异具有显著性。
与育龄非孕妇相比，孕妇存在更多的嗅觉功能障碍。此外，与非孕妇相比，她们更易出现认知性嗅觉信息丧失。
