Yusuf T, Raji Y R, Daniel A, Bamidele O T, Fasunla A J, Lasisi O A
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 107962University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, 113092College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Ear Nose Throat J. 2023 Mar;102(3):188-192. doi: 10.1177/0145561321996628. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
Olfactory function of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been found to be defective, and patients are often unaware of it. This predisposes them to malnutrition with consequence on health recovery and quality of life.
To assess the olfactory function and determine the pattern of olfactory dysfunction in patients with CKD attending the University College Hospital, Ibadan.
This was a prospective, hospital-based case-control study of adult patients with CKD. The control group were age- and sex-matched individuals without CKD. Olfactory threshold (OT), odor discrimination (OD), and odor identification (OI) tests were carried out in participants using the "Sniffin Sticks."
There were 100 patients with CKD and 100 healthy controls, age ranges between 19 to 86 years (mean ± SD = 46.3 ± 13.9 years) and 20 to 85 years (mean ± SD = 43.4 ± 14.9 years), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between cases and control gender distribution ( = .57). The mean olfactory scores were significantly lower among the cases than control, OI 11.2 ± 2.3 and 13.1 ± 1.2 ( < .001), OD 8.5 ± 2.4 and 10.9 ± 1.5 ( < .001), OT 6.4 ± 2.5 and 9.6 ± 1.9 ( < .001), and threshold discrimination and identification 26.0 ± 5.7 and 33.6 ± 3.3 ( < .001), respectively. Prevalent olfactory dysfunction among patients with CKD was 77% (hyposmia 72%, anosmia 5%), and the control was 16% (all hyposmia; < .001).
There was high prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among patients with CKD, and the affectation is more at the central olfactory pathway.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者的嗅觉功能已被发现存在缺陷，而患者往往对此并不知晓。这使他们易患营养不良，进而影响健康恢复和生活质量。
评估伊巴丹大学学院医院慢性肾脏病患者的嗅觉功能，并确定嗅觉功能障碍的模式。
这是一项针对成年慢性肾脏病患者的前瞻性、基于医院的病例对照研究。对照组为年龄和性别匹配的无慢性肾脏病个体。使用“嗅觉棒”对参与者进行嗅觉阈值（OT）、气味辨别（OD）和气味识别（OI）测试。
共有100例慢性肾脏病患者和100名健康对照者，年龄范围分别为19至86岁（平均±标准差=46.3±13.9岁）和20至85岁（平均±标准差=43.4±14.9岁）。病例组和对照组的性别分布无统计学显著差异（P = 0.57）。病例组的平均嗅觉评分显著低于对照组，OI分别为11.2±2.3和13.1±1.2（P < 0.001），OD分别为8.5±2.4和10.9±1.5（P < 0.001），OT分别为6.4±2.5和9.6±1.9（P < 0.001），阈值辨别和识别分别为26.0±5.7和33.6±3.3（P < 0.001）。慢性肾脏病患者中普遍存在嗅觉功能障碍的比例为77%（嗅觉减退72%，嗅觉丧失5%），而对照组为16%（均为嗅觉减退；P < 0.001）。
慢性肾脏病患者中嗅觉功能障碍的患病率很高，且受累更多的是中枢嗅觉通路。
