睡眠不足的人类大脑。

Krause Adam J, Simon Eti Ben, Mander Bryce A, Greer Stephanie M, Saletin Jared M, Goldstein-Piekarski Andrea N, Walker Matthew P

Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.

Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1650, USA.

Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Jul;18(7):404-418. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.55. Epub 2017 May 18.

How does a lack of sleep affect our brains? In contrast to the benefits of sleep, frameworks exploring the impact of sleep loss are relatively lacking. Importantly, the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) do not simply reflect the absence of sleep and the benefits attributed to it; rather, they reflect the consequences of several additional factors, including extended wakefulness. With a focus on neuroimaging studies, we review the consequences of SD on attention and working memory, positive and negative emotion, and hippocampal learning. We explore how this evidence informs our mechanistic understanding of the known changes in cognition and emotion associated with SD, and the insights it provides regarding clinical conditions associated with sleep disruption.

睡眠不足如何影响我们的大脑？与睡眠的益处形成对比的是，探讨睡眠缺失影响的框架相对较少。重要的是，睡眠剥夺（SD）的影响并不简单地反映睡眠的缺失及其带来的益处；相反，它们反映了包括长时间清醒在内的几个额外因素的后果。我们聚焦于神经影像学研究，回顾睡眠剥夺对注意力和工作记忆、积极和消极情绪以及海马体学习的影响。我们探究这些证据如何增进我们对与睡眠剥夺相关的已知认知和情绪变化的机制理解，以及它为与睡眠中断相关的临床状况提供了哪些见解。