Leonard W R, Leatherman T L, Carey J W, Thomas R B
School of Human Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada.
Department of Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208.
Am J Hum Biol. 1990;2(6):613-626. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1310020605.
Previous research on diet and nutrition among peasant agriculturalists in the Andes has produced inconsistent results. As a consequence it has been difficult to determine the extent to which nutritional factors contribute to the slowed, prolonged growth and resultant small adult body size that is characteristic of these highland populations. The study examines patterns of diet and growth in the rural highland community of Nuñoa, Peru (elevation 4,000 m), and compares them to similar data collected on this community during the 1960s. Additional data from other locations in the Andes are then evaluated to discern critical determinants of growth variation. Analyses of the Nuñoan data indicate that nutritional factors have played a significant role in shaping statural growth at this location. Comparisons of other growth surveys indicate that Nuñoans remain among the smallest of all Andean populations. Additionally, urban/rural differences in growth are quite evident in the highlands, with the magnitude of this difference being greater than in other regions (i.e., coastal or jungle). It appears that income level and access to land strongly interact to direct and constrain food consumption patterns. The resulting differences in nutrition, in turn, appear to be strong predictors of growth variation. Consequently, studies that consider 1) dietary intake, 2) level of variability in diet, and 3) relative contributions of purchased and home-produced food to diet should contribute to furthering our understanding of growth variation in the Andes.
此前针对安第斯山脉地区农民农业从业者的饮食与营养研究结果并不一致。因此，很难确定营养因素在多大程度上导致了这些高地人群特有的生长缓慢、发育期延长以及成年后体型较小的情况。本研究调查了秘鲁努尼奥阿农村高地社区（海拔4000米）的饮食和生长模式，并将其与20世纪60年代在该社区收集的类似数据进行比较。然后评估来自安第斯山脉其他地区的额外数据，以识别生长差异的关键决定因素。对努尼奥阿数据的分析表明，营养因素在该地区塑造身高增长方面发挥了重要作用。其他生长调查的比较表明，努尼奥阿人仍然是所有安第斯人群中体型最小的群体之一。此外，高地地区城乡之间的生长差异非常明显，这种差异的程度大于其他地区（即沿海或丛林地区）。收入水平和土地获取情况似乎强烈相互作用，直接影响并限制食物消费模式。由此产生的营养差异反过来似乎是生长差异的有力预测指标。因此，考虑以下因素的研究：1）饮食摄入量、2）饮食的变化程度、3）购买食品和自产食品在饮食中的相对占比，应该有助于加深我们对安第斯山脉地区生长差异的理解。
