Neonatology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Children's Hospital.
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.
Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Sep 15;65(6):976-981. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix454.
Pneumocystis pneumonia is a well-recognized lung disease of premature and malnourished babies. Even though serologic studies have shown that children are exposed to Pneumocystis jirovecii early in life, the epidemiology of human P. jirovecii infection and the host-microorganism relationship in infancy remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization in preterm infants and its possible association with medical complications.
A prospective observational study of preterm infants (birth weight <1500 g and/or gestational age <32 weeks) was carried out. Identification of P. jirovecii colonization was performed by means of molecular techniques in nasal aspirated samples at birth.
A total of 128 preterm infants were included during the study period. Pneumocystis DNA was identified in 25.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8%-33.7%) of newborns studied. A significant increase of respiratory distress syndrome in colonized group, even after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.0-7.5]; P = .04), was observed. No differences were observed in other medical conditions between the 2 groups.
Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization is frequent in preterm births and could be a risk factor to develop respiratory distress syndrome among preterm infants.
卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎是一种常见的早产儿和营养不良婴儿的肺部疾病。尽管血清学研究表明儿童在生命早期就接触到卡氏肺孢子虫，但人类卡氏肺孢子虫感染的流行病学和婴儿期的宿主-微生物关系仍知之甚少。本研究旨在调查早产儿卡氏肺孢子虫定植的流行情况及其与医疗并发症的可能关联。
对早产儿（出生体重<1500 克和/或胎龄<32 周）进行前瞻性观察研究。通过分子技术在出生时的鼻抽吸样本中鉴定卡氏肺孢子虫定植。
在研究期间共纳入 128 例早产儿。在研究的新生儿中，25.7%（95%置信区间 [CI]，17.8%-33.7%）检测到卡氏肺孢子虫 DNA。在调整混杂因素后，在定植组中观察到呼吸窘迫综合征显著增加（比值比，2.7 [95% CI，1.0-7.5]；P=0.04）。两组在其他医疗条件方面无差异。
卡氏肺孢子虫定植在早产儿中很常见，可能是早产儿发生呼吸窘迫综合征的危险因素。
