Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran.
World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Apr 28;23(16):2870-2882. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2870.
() is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium that colonizes the hostile microniche of the human stomach, then persists for the host's entire life, if not effectively treated. Clinically, plays a causative role in the development of a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic active gastritis, peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Due to the global distribution of , it is no exaggeration to conclude that smart strategies are contributing to adaptation of the bacterium to its permanent host. Thirty-four years after the discovery of this bacterium, there are still many unanswered questions. For example, which strategies help the bacterium to survive in this inhospitable microniche? This question is slightly easier to answer if we presume the same clinical concept for both persistent infection and disease. Understanding the mechanisms governing persistence will improve identification of the increased risk of diseases such as gastric cancer in patients infected with this bacterium. A well-defined and long-term equilibrium between the human host and allows bacterial persistence in the gastric microniche; although this coexistence leads to a high risk of severe diseases such as gastric cancer. To escape the bactericidal activity of stomach acid, secretes large amounts of surface-associated and cytosolic urease. The potential to avoid acidic conditions and immune evasion are discussed in order to explain the persistence of colonization in the gastric mucosa, and data on bacterial genetic diversity are included. Information on the mechanisms related to persistence can also provide the direction for future research concerning effective therapy and management of gastroduodenal disorders. The topics presented in the current review are important for elucidating the strategies used by to help the bacterium persist in relation to the immune system and the many unfavorable features of living in the gastric microniche.
（）是一种革兰氏阴性、可运动的细菌，定植于人体胃部恶劣的小生境中，如果不进行有效治疗，它将伴随宿主终生。临床上，在多种疾病的发展中发挥着致病作用，包括慢性活动性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃腺癌和胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤。由于在全球范围内都有 的分布，因此可以毫不夸张地说，聪明的策略正在帮助该细菌适应其永久宿主。在发现这种细菌 34 年后，仍有许多悬而未决的问题。例如，哪些策略帮助细菌在这种恶劣的小生境中生存？如果我们假设持续感染和疾病具有相同的临床概念，那么回答这个问题就会容易一些。了解控制 持续存在的机制将有助于识别感染这种细菌的患者患胃癌等疾病的风险增加。人类宿主和 之间明确而长期的平衡允许细菌在胃小生境中持续存在；尽管这种共存导致了诸如胃癌等严重疾病的高风险。为了逃避胃酸的杀菌活性， 大量分泌表面相关和细胞溶质脲酶。为了解释 在胃黏膜定植的持续存在，讨论了逃避酸性条件和免疫逃避的潜力，并包括了关于细菌遗传多样性的数据。与 持续存在相关的机制信息也可以为未来研究提供方向，以寻找治疗和管理胃十二指肠疾病的有效方法。本综述中提出的主题对于阐明 帮助细菌在与免疫系统和生活在胃小生境中的许多不利特征相关的持续存在中所使用的策略非常重要。
