Donolato Enrica, Giofrè David, Mammarella Irene C
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy.
Department of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool, UK.
Front Psychol. 2017 May 4;8:663. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00663. eCollection 2017.
How sequential, verbal and visuospatial stimuli are encoded and stored in memory is not clear in cognitive psychology. Studies with order recall tasks, such as the digit, and Corsi span, indicate that order of presentation is a crucial element for verbal memory, but not for visuospatial memory. This seems to be due to the different effects of forward and backward recall in verbal and visuospatial tasks. In verbal span tasks, performance is worse when recalling things in backward sequence rather than the original forward sequence. In contrast, when it comes to visuospatial tasks, performance is not always worse for a modified backward sequence. However, worse performance in backward visuospatial recall is evident in individuals with weak visuospatial abilities; such individuals perform worse in the backward version of visuospatial tasks than in the forward version. The main aim of the present review is to summarize findings on order recall in verbal and visuospatial materials by considering both cognitive and neural correlates. The results of this review will be considered in the light of the current models of WM, and will be used to make recommendations for future studies.
在认知心理学中，序列、言语和视觉空间刺激如何被编码并存储在记忆中尚不清楚。对诸如数字广度和科西广度等序列回忆任务的研究表明，呈现顺序对言语记忆至关重要，但对视觉空间记忆并非如此。这似乎是由于言语和视觉空间任务中正向和反向回忆的不同影响。在言语广度任务中，按反向顺序回忆事物时的表现比按原始正向顺序回忆时更差。相比之下，在视觉空间任务中，修改后的反向顺序的表现并不总是更差。然而，视觉空间能力较弱的个体在反向视觉空间回忆中的表现明显更差；这些个体在视觉空间任务的反向版本中的表现比在正向版本中更差。本综述的主要目的是通过考虑认知和神经相关性来总结言语和视觉空间材料中序列回忆的研究结果。本综述的结果将根据当前的工作记忆模型进行考量，并将用于为未来的研究提出建议。
