Fellows Robert P, Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen
Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2018 Feb 1;33(1):24-35. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acx045.
The primary aim of this study was to identify the independent and differential associations of obesity and hypertension with cognitive, physical, and directly observed functional abilities among middle age and older adults.
Participants were 119 adults between the ages of 51 and 89, who underwent a cross-sectional assessment of cognitive, physical, functional and relevant health-related variables.
Obesity predicted significantly poorer executive functions (β = -.301, t = -3.86, p < .001), mobility (β = .329, t = 3.59, p < .001), observed functional abilities (β = .220, t = 2.52, p = .013), and self-reported ability to perform activities of daily living that require physical capability (β = -.365, t = -4.23, p < .001). In contrast, hypertension was not independently associated with any of the outcome measures (ps > .05). Results from the path analysis revealed that executive functions mediated the association between obesity and poorer directly observed functional abilities. Additionally, obesity had a direct and indirect (through mobility) effect on self-reported basic activities of daily living.
These findings suggest a link between obesity, executive functions, and limitations in physical function and instrumental activities of daily living among middle age and older adults, however, longitudinal research is needed to further delineate the trajectory of these factors.
本研究的主要目的是确定肥胖和高血压与中老年成年人的认知、身体和直接观察到的功能能力之间的独立和差异关联。
参与者为119名年龄在51岁至89岁之间的成年人，他们接受了认知、身体、功能及相关健康变量的横断面评估。
肥胖预示着执行功能显著较差（β = -.301，t = -3.86，p <.001）、行动能力（β =.329，t = 3.59，p <.001）、观察到的功能能力（β =.220，t = 2.52，p =.013）以及自我报告的进行需要身体能力的日常生活活动的能力（β = -.365，t = -4.23，p <.001）。相比之下，高血压与任何一项结果指标均无独立关联（p值>.05）。路径分析结果显示，执行功能介导了肥胖与较差的直接观察到的功能能力之间的关联。此外，肥胖对自我报告的日常生活基本活动有直接和间接（通过行动能力）影响。
这些发现表明肥胖、执行功能与中老年成年人的身体功能及日常生活工具性活动受限之间存在联系，然而，需要纵向研究来进一步描绘这些因素的发展轨迹。
