Noiret Nicolas, Carvalho Nicolas, Laurent Éric, Chopard Gilles, Binetruy Mickaël, Nicolier Magali, Monnin Julie, Magnin Eloi, Vandel Pierre
Laboratory of Psychology (E.A. 3188), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
CMRR Franche Comté, University Hospital Center, Besançon, France.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2018 Feb 1;33(1):1-13. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acx044.
Several studies have demonstrated saccadic eye movement (SEM) abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) when patients performed prosaccade (PS) and antisaccade (AS) tasks. Some studies have also showed that SEM abnormalities were correlated with dementia rating tests such as the Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE). Therefore, it has been suggested that SEMs could provide useful information for diagnosis. However, little is known about predictive saccades (PreS)-saccades triggered before or very quickly after stimuli appearance-and their relationships with cognition in AD. Here, we aimed to examine the relationships between our usual dementia screening tests and SEM parameters in PS, AS, and also PreS task.
We compared SEMs in 20 patients suffering from AD and in 35 healthy older adults (OA) in PS, AS, and PreS task. All participants also completed a neuropsychological evaluation.
We showed that AD patients had higher latency and latency variability regardless the tasks, and also higher AS cost, in comparison with OA. Moreover, AD patients made more uncorrected AS and took more time-to-correct incorrect AS. In PreS task, AD patients showed higher gain and gain variability than OA when they made anticipated saccades. Close relationships were found between the majority of SEM variables in PS, AS, and PreS tasks and dementia screening tests, especially the MMSE and episodic memory measures.
Our findings, in agreement with previous studies, demonstrated that AD affects several SEM parameters. SEM abnormalities may reflect selective and executive-attention impairments in AD.
多项研究表明，阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者在执行同向扫视（PS）和反向扫视（AS）任务时存在眼球快速运动（SEM）异常。一些研究还表明，SEM异常与痴呆评定测试如简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）相关。因此，有人提出SEM可为诊断提供有用信息。然而，对于预测性扫视（PreS）——刺激出现之前或之后很快触发的扫视，以及它们与AD患者认知的关系，我们知之甚少。在此，我们旨在研究常规痴呆筛查测试与PS、AS以及PreS任务中的SEM参数之间的关系。
我们比较了20例AD患者和35名健康老年人（OA）在PS、AS和PreS任务中的SEM情况。所有参与者还完成了神经心理学评估。
我们发现，与OA相比，无论在何种任务中，AD患者都有更长的潜伏期和潜伏期变异性，以及更高的AS代价。此外，AD患者做出更多未纠正的AS，且纠正错误AS花费的时间更长。在PreS任务中，AD患者在做出预期扫视时，其增益和增益变异性高于OA。在PS、AS和PreS任务中，大多数SEM变量与痴呆筛查测试之间存在密切关系，尤其是MMSE和情景记忆测量。
我们的研究结果与之前的研究一致，表明AD会影响多个SEM参数。SEM异常可能反映了AD患者的选择性和执行性注意力损害。
