Wolf Alexandra, Tripanpitak Kornkanok, Umeda Satoshi, Otake-Matsuura Mihoko
Cognitive Behavioral Assistive Technology (CBAT), Goal-Oriented Technology Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jul 20;14:1197567. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1197567. eCollection 2023.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), representing the 'transitional zone' between normal cognition and dementia, has become a novel topic in clinical research. Although early detection is crucial, it remains logistically challenging at the same time. While traditional pen-and-paper tests require in-depth training to ensure standardized administration and accurate interpretation of findings, significant technological advancements are leading to the development of procedures for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and facilitating the diagnostic process. Some of the diagnostic protocols, however, show significant limitations that hamper their widespread adoption. Concerns about the social and economic implications of the increasing incidence of AD underline the need for reliable, non-invasive, cost-effective, and timely cognitive scoring methodologies. For instance, modern clinical studies report significant oculomotor impairments among patients with MCI, who perform poorly in visual paired-comparison tasks by ascribing less attentional resources to novel stimuli. To accelerate the Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017-2025, this work provides an overview of research on saccadic and exploratory eye-movement deficits among older adults with MCI. The review protocol was drafted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2022 that examined visual processing in older adults with MCI and reported gaze parameters as potential biomarkers. Moreover, following the contemporary trend for remote healthcare technologies, we reviewed studies that implemented non-commercial eye-tracking instrumentation in order to detect information processing impairments among the MCI population. Based on the gathered literature, eye-tracking-based paradigms may ameliorate the screening limitations of traditional cognitive assessments and contribute to early AD detection. However, in order to translate the findings pertaining to abnormal gaze behavior into clinical applications, it is imperative to conduct longitudinal investigations in both laboratory-based and ecologically valid settings.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）代表正常认知与痴呆之间的“过渡阶段”，已成为临床研究中的一个新课题。尽管早期检测至关重要，但同时在实际操作上仍具有挑战性。传统的纸笔测试需要深入培训以确保标准化实施和对结果的准确解读，而重大的技术进步正在推动阿尔茨海默病（AD）早期检测程序的发展，并促进诊断过程。然而，一些诊断方案存在显著局限性，阻碍了它们的广泛应用。对AD发病率上升的社会和经济影响的担忧凸显了对可靠、非侵入性、经济高效且及时的认知评分方法的需求。例如，现代临床研究报告称，MCI患者存在明显的眼球运动障碍，他们在视觉配对比较任务中表现不佳，对新刺激分配的注意力资源较少。为加速《2017 - 2025年痴呆症公共卫生应对全球行动计划》，本文概述了对患有MCI的老年人扫视和探索性眼动缺陷的研究。该综述方案是根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南起草的。系统检索电子数据库，以识别2017年至2022年期间发表的同行评审文章，这些文章研究了患有MCI的老年人的视觉处理，并将注视参数报告为潜在生物标志物。此外，遵循远程医疗技术的当代趋势，我们回顾了实施非商业性眼动追踪仪器以检测MCI人群信息处理障碍的研究。基于收集到的文献，基于眼动追踪的范式可能会改善传统认知评估的筛查局限性，并有助于AD的早期检测。然而，为了将与异常注视行为相关的研究结果转化为临床应用，必须在基于实验室和生态有效环境中进行纵向研究。
