Noiret Nicolas, Vigneron Blanche, Diogo Marine, Vandel Pierre, Laurent Éric
a Laboratoire de Psychologie EA-3188 , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France.
b Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) , Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Jean Minjoz , Besançon , France.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2017 Sep;24(5):575-599. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2016.1237613. Epub 2016 Oct 11.
Although the relationship between age-related cognitive decline and saccadic eye movement (SEM) deficits has been outlined, specific cognitive alterations underlying age-related changes in saccadic performance remain unclear. This study attempted to better understand the nature of aging effects on SEMs. We compared SEMs in younger and older adults in prosaccade (PS) and antisaccade (AS) tasks under gap, step, and overlap conditions. We also examined relationships between these performances and several neuropsychological scores. Twenty-eight younger adults (YA), 24 older adults under 65 years (OA) and 24 over 65 years (OA) of age completed a neuropsychological evaluation, PS and AS tasks. Our results showed that latencies, AS cost, time to correct AS errors, and uncorrected AS, increased with aging. YA showed higher overlap effects than OA and OA. Importantly, correlations and regressions revealed close relationships not only between latencies and processing speed measures but also between the AS cost and the inhibition process measures. Correct saccades and the time to correct AS errors were closely related to the inhibition process and cognitive flexibility measures. These findings suggest that the progressive age-related decline of processing speed and executive attention are associated with, and can be highlighted though SEMs in PS and AS tasks.
尽管年龄相关的认知衰退与扫视眼动（SEM）缺陷之间的关系已被阐明，但扫视性能中与年龄相关变化背后的具体认知改变仍不清楚。本研究试图更好地理解衰老对扫视眼动的影响本质。我们在间隙、阶跃和重叠条件下，比较了年轻人和老年人在顺向扫视（PS）和反向扫视（AS）任务中的扫视眼动情况。我们还研究了这些表现与几个神经心理学评分之间的关系。28名年轻人（YA）、24名65岁以下的老年人（OA）和24名65岁以上的老年人完成了神经心理学评估、PS和AS任务。我们的结果表明，随着年龄增长，潜伏期、AS代价、纠正AS错误的时间以及未纠正的AS均增加。YA比OA和OA表现出更高的重叠效应。重要的是，相关性和回归分析不仅揭示了潜伏期与处理速度指标之间的密切关系，还揭示了AS代价与抑制过程指标之间的密切关系。正确的扫视和纠正AS错误的时间与抑制过程和认知灵活性指标密切相关。这些发现表明，与年龄相关的处理速度和执行性注意力的逐渐下降与PS和AS任务中的扫视眼动有关，并且可以通过扫视眼动突出显示。
