Sudhinaraset May, Ling Irving, To Tu My, Melo Jason, Quach Thu
Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2017 Jul;184:144-152. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.024. Epub 2017 May 10.
There are currently 1.5 million undocumented Asians and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the US. Undocumented API young adults, in particular, come of age in a challenging political and social climate, but little is known about their health outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the psychosocial needs and health status of API undocumented young adults. Guided by social capital theory, this qualitative study describes the social context of API undocumented young adults (ages 18-31), including community and government perceptions, and how social relationships influence health. This study was conducted in Northern California and included four focus group discussions (FGDs) and 24 in-depth interviews (IDIs), with 32 unique participants total. FGDs used purposeful sampling by gender (two male and two female discussions) and education status (in school and out-of-school). Findings suggest low bonding and bridging social capital. Results indicate that community distrust is high, even within the API community, due to high levels of exploitation, discrimination, and threats of deportation. Participants described how documentation status is a barrier in accessing health services, particularly mental health and sexual and reproductive health services. This study identifies trusted community groups and discusses recommendations for future research, programs, and policies.
目前在美国有150万无证亚洲人和太平洋岛民（API）。尤其是无证API青年在充满挑战的政治和社会环境中成年，但人们对他们的健康状况知之甚少。据我们所知，这是第一项评估无证API青年心理社会需求和健康状况的研究。在社会资本理论的指导下，这项定性研究描述了无证API青年（年龄在18至31岁之间）的社会背景，包括社区和政府的看法，以及社会关系如何影响健康。这项研究在北加利福尼亚进行，包括四次焦点小组讨论（FGD）和24次深入访谈（IDI），共有32名不同的参与者。焦点小组讨论按性别（两次男性讨论和两次女性讨论）和教育状况（在校和辍学）进行有目的抽样。研究结果表明，联结型和桥接型社会资本水平较低。结果表明，由于存在高度剥削、歧视和被驱逐的威胁，社区内的不信任程度很高，即使在API社区内部也是如此。参与者描述了证件状况如何成为获得医疗服务，特别是心理健康以及性健康和生殖健康服务的障碍。本研究确定了受信任的社区团体，并讨论了对未来研究、项目和政策的建议。
