Ortiz-Martínez Yeimer, Patiño-Barbosa Andrés Mauricio, Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J
Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia.
Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
F1000Res. 2017 Mar 30;6:398. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.11280.2. eCollection 2017.
Yellow fever (YF) is a haemorrhagic viral disease with a high case fatality rate. It is considered a reemerging infectious disease of remarkable importance. During the last outbreaks in Brazil (2016-2017), many cases of YF emerged despite high YF vaccination coverage in some areas. However, there are many areas and populations worldwide where vaccination coverage has been low for years (e.g. Nigeria), which increases the risk of major epidemics in such areas, as would be the case in many of the American territories. Several factors, including the vast border and migratory status of Brazil, the widespread distribution of mosquitoes and the lack of efficient health policies and surveillance systems, favor this complex epidemiological scenario of reemergence. Therefore, mass vaccination of the population at risk, public health awareness and preparedness are urgently needed in this region. This opinion article describes the current global epidemiological situation of YF, focusing especially on the Americas, as well the risk and vulnerabilities in the region that would be of concern for major expansion to other countries apart from Brazil. Also, imported risk from endemic area outside of Americas (i.e. Africa) are of current concern.
黄热病（YF）是一种病死率很高的出血性病毒性疾病。它被认为是一种具有重大意义的再度出现的传染病。在巴西最近一次疫情（2016 - 2017年）期间，尽管一些地区黄热病疫苗接种覆盖率很高，但仍出现了许多黄热病病例。然而，全球有许多地区和人群多年来疫苗接种覆盖率一直很低（如尼日利亚），这增加了这些地区发生重大疫情的风险，美国许多地区也会如此。包括巴西广阔的边境和移民状况、蚊子的广泛分布以及缺乏有效的卫生政策和监测系统等几个因素，助长了这种再度出现的复杂流行病学情况。因此，该地区迫切需要对高危人群进行大规模疫苗接种、提高公众健康意识并做好准备。这篇观点文章描述了黄热病当前的全球流行病学状况，特别关注美洲地区，以及该地区除巴西之外可能向其他国家大规模传播的风险和脆弱性。此外，美洲以外的流行地区（即非洲）的输入风险也是当前关注的问题。
