Xie Dan, Jin Jun, Sun Jiang, Liang Li, Wang Xiaosan, Zhang Wei, Wang Xingguo, Jin Qingzhe
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Zhonghai Ocean (Wuxi) Marine Equipment Engineering Co., Ltd., Jiangnan University National University Science Park, 100 Jinxi Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214125, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
Food Chem. 2017 Oct 15;233:434-441. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.138. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
The effects of seven different extraction solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, isohexane, n-hexane, and subcritical butane) on the lipid yield and quality of the oil extracted from krill meal were investigated in this study. Phospholipids (PL), fatty acids (FA) composition and minor components including sterols, astaxanthin, vitamin A and tocopherols in the extracted krill oil were analyzed. The results indicated that ethanol and isopropanol led to comparatively higher lipid yields (16.33 and 14.52%, respectively) and PL contents (39.2 and 38.7%, respectively) but lower contents of the minor components than the other solvents. The krill oil extracted with acetone had the lowest PL content (20.63%) but contained more astaxanthin (206.74mg/kg), vitamin A (27.84mg/100g), and sterols (39.00mg/g). Moreover, high levels of n-3 FA were present in the extracts with high PL contents. Further analysis revealed that 23.65-28.10% of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 16.71-21.03% of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were present in the PL, while only 2.83-3.48% of EPA and 1.40-1.74% of DHA were detected in the triacylglycerols (TAG). In addition, subcritical butane proved to be an alternative to n-hexane and isohexane; krill oil extracted with these three solvents had similar qualities.
本研究考察了七种不同萃取溶剂（乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、异己烷、正己烷和亚临界丁烷）对磷虾粉萃取油脂的产率和品质的影响。分析了萃取得到的磷虾油中的磷脂（PL）、脂肪酸（FA）组成以及包括甾醇、虾青素、维生素A和生育酚在内的微量成分。结果表明，与其他溶剂相比，乙醇和异丙醇的脂质产率相对较高（分别为16.33%和14.52%），PL含量也较高（分别为39.2%和38.7%），但微量成分含量较低。用丙酮萃取的磷虾油PL含量最低（20.63%），但虾青素含量更高（206.74mg/kg）、维生素A含量更高（27.84mg/100g）以及甾醇含量更高（39.00mg/g）。此外，PL含量高的提取物中n-3 FA含量也高。进一步分析表明，二十碳五烯酸（EPA）的23.65 - 28.10%和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的16.71 - 21.03%存在于PL中，而在三酰甘油（TAG）中仅检测到2.83 - 3.48%的EPA和1.40 - 1.74%的DHA。此外，亚临界丁烷被证明是正己烷和异己烷的替代品；用这三种溶剂萃取的磷虾油品质相似。
