Stern D M, Kaiser E, Nawroth P P
Department of Physiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, N.Y.
Haemostasis. 1988;18(4-6):202-14. doi: 10.1159/000215808.
The endothelium plays an active role in the regulation of the coagulation mechanism. Multiple anticoagulant properties are operative on the cell surface in homeostasis. In the protein C/protein S pathway, for example, endothelium provides cofactors promoting activation of protein C, assembly of the activated protein C/protein S complex, and synthesizes protein S. In contrast, following exposure to cytokines and other pathologic stimuli, endothelial cell activation occurs. This activated state includes upregulation of procoagulant properties, such as tissue factor, with concomitant downregulation of anticoagulant cofactors, such as thrombomodulin. Modulation of endothelial cell coagulant properties by cytokines provides a mechanism linking activation of the clotting mechanism to the cellular response to environmental stimuli.
内皮细胞在凝血机制的调节中发挥着积极作用。在稳态下，多种抗凝特性在细胞表面发挥作用。例如，在蛋白C/蛋白S途径中，内皮细胞提供促进蛋白C活化、活化蛋白C/蛋白S复合物组装的辅因子，并合成蛋白S。相反，在暴露于细胞因子和其他病理刺激后，内皮细胞会发生活化。这种活化状态包括促凝特性（如组织因子）的上调，同时抗凝辅因子（如血栓调节蛋白）的下调。细胞因子对内皮细胞凝血特性的调节提供了一种将凝血机制的激活与细胞对环境刺激的反应联系起来的机制。
