1EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal.
4Department of Paediatrics,Medical School,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal.
Public Health Nutr. 2017 Aug;20(11):1973-1982. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017000854. Epub 2017 May 23.
The present study aimed to evaluate the association of 4-year-old children's dietary patterns with adiposity at 7 years, according to child's sex, using a conceptual model.
Prospective cohort study. Diet was assessed using an FFQ. Age- and sex-specific BMI standard deviation scores (Z-scores) were defined according to the WHO. Fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were also considered, converted into Z-scores using sex-specific means and standard deviations of the current sample. Dietary patterns were identified by latent class analysis and their association with adiposity was estimated by linear regression models.
Population-based birth cohort Generation XXI (Porto, Portugal, 2005-2006).
Children (n 3473) evaluated at both 4 and 7 years of age.
Three dietary patterns were identified: high in energy-dense foods (EDF); low in foods typically consumed at main meals and intermediate in snacks (Snacking); and higher in vegetables and fish and lower in EDF (Healthier, reference). The EDF dietary pattern at 4 years of age was positively associated with later BMI only in girls (β=0·075, 95 % CI 0·009, 0·140, P-interaction=0·046). The EDF dietary pattern was also associated with other adiposity indicators only in girls (FMI: β=0·071, 95 % CI 0·000, 0·142; WHtR: β=0·094, 95 % CI 0·023, 0·164). Snacking was not significantly associated with any marker of adiposity in either girls or boys.
Although dietary patterns and adiposity persisted across the two ages in both sexes, EDF at 4 years of age increased adiposity at 7 years of age only in girls.
本研究旨在根据儿童性别，使用概念模型评估 4 岁儿童饮食模式与 7 岁时肥胖的相关性。
前瞻性队列研究。饮食使用 FFQ 进行评估。根据世卫组织的标准，定义了年龄和性别特异性 BMI 标准差评分 (Z 评分)。还考虑了体脂肪百分比 (FM%)、体脂肪指数 (FMI) 和腰高比 (WHtR)，并使用当前样本的性别特异性均值和标准差将其转换为 Z 评分。通过潜在类别分析确定饮食模式，并通过线性回归模型估计其与肥胖的相关性。
基于人群的 21 世纪世代出生队列 (葡萄牙波尔图，2005-2006 年)。
在 4 岁和 7 岁时均接受评估的儿童 (n=3473)。
确定了三种饮食模式：高能量密集型食物 (EDF)；主餐中典型食物摄入量低，零食摄入量中等 (零食)；蔬菜和鱼类摄入量高，EDF 摄入量低 (更健康，为参考)。4 岁时的 EDF 饮食模式与女孩后来的 BMI 呈正相关 (β=0·075，95%CI 0·009，0·140，P 交互=0·046)。EDF 饮食模式也仅与女孩的其他肥胖指标相关 (FMI：β=0·071，95%CI 0·000，0·142；WHtR：β=0·094，95%CI 0·023，0·164)。零食在男孩和女孩中与任何肥胖标志物均无显著相关性。
尽管饮食模式和肥胖在两个年龄段的男女中都持续存在，但 4 岁时的 EDF 仅使女孩在 7 岁时的肥胖增加。
