Ishikawa M, Takemi Y, Yokoyama T, Kusama K, Fukuda Y, Nakaya T, Nozue M, Yoshiike N, Yoshiba K, Hayashi F, Murayama N
Midori Ishikawa, PhD, RD, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan, Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, TEL +81-(0)48-458-6230; FAX: +80-(0)48-469-7683, E mail:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(6):662-672. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0805-z.
This study aimed to examine the relationships between eating together and subjective health, frailty, food behaviors, food accessibility, food production, meal preparation, alcohol intake, socioeconomic factors and geography among older Japanese people who live alone.
A cross-sectional, multilevel survey was designed. The questionnaire was distributed by post and self-completed by participants.
The sample was drawn from seven towns and cities across Japan.
A geographic information system was used to select a representative sample of older people who lived alone based on their proximity to a supermarket. Recruitment for the study was conducted with municipal assistance.
A logistic regression analysis was performed that adjusted for the respondent's age, socioeconomic status and proximity to a supermarket using stepwise variable analyses. The dependent variable was whether the respondent ate together more or less than once a month.
In total, 2,196 older people (752 men and 1,444 women) completed the questionnaire (63.5% response rate). It was found that 47.1% of men and 23.9% of women ate together less than once a month. Those who ate together less than once a month had a significantly lower rate of subjective health, food diversity and food intake frequency than those who ate together more often. A stepwise logistic analysis showed that the factors most strongly related to eating together less than once a month were not having any food shopping assistance (men: OR = 3.06, women: OR = 2.71), not receiving any food from neighbors or relatives (men: OR = 1.74, women: OR = 1.82), daily alcohol intake (women: OR = 1.83), frailty (men: OR = 0.48) and income (men: OR = 2.16, women: OR = 1.32).
Eating together is associated with subjective health and food intake. Factors that affect how often older Japanese people who live alone eat together include food accessibility, daily alcohol intake, frailty and a low income.
本研究旨在探讨独居日本老年人中共同进餐与主观健康、身体衰弱、饮食行为、食物可及性、食物生产、膳食准备、酒精摄入量、社会经济因素及地理位置之间的关系。
设计了一项横断面多层次调查。问卷通过邮寄方式发放，由参与者自行填写。
样本来自日本的七个城镇和城市。
使用地理信息系统，根据老年人与超市的距离，选取独居老年人的代表性样本。该研究在市政协助下进行招募。
采用逻辑回归分析，通过逐步变量分析对受访者的年龄、社会经济地位和与超市的距离进行调整。因变量是受访者每月共同进餐次数多于还是少于一次。
共有2196名老年人（752名男性和1444名女性）完成了问卷（回复率为63.5%）。结果发现，47.1%的男性和23.9%的女性每月共同进餐次数少于一次。每月共同进餐次数少于一次的人，其主观健康、食物多样性和食物摄入频率显著低于共同进餐更频繁的人。逐步逻辑分析表明，与每月共同进餐次数少于一次密切相关的因素包括没有任何食品购物协助（男性：比值比=3.06，女性：比值比=2.71）、没有从邻居或亲戚处获得任何食物（男性：比值比=1.74，女性：比值比=1.82）、每日酒精摄入量（女性：比值比=1.83）、身体衰弱（男性：比值比=0.48）和收入（男性：比值比=2.16，女性：比值比=1.32）。
共同进餐与主观健康和食物摄入有关。影响独居日本老年人共同进餐频率的因素包括食物可及性、每日酒精摄入量、身体衰弱和低收入。
