Wood Benjamin T, Quinn Claire H, Stringer Lindsay C, Dougill Andrew J
Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Environ Manage. 2017 Sep;60(3):436-453. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0890-8. Epub 2017 May 24.
Governments and donors are investing in climate compatible development in order to reduce climate and development vulnerabilities. However, the rate at which climate compatible development is being operationalised has outpaced academic enquiry into the concept. Interventions aiming to achieve climate compatible development "wins" (for development, mitigation, adaptation) can also create negative side-effects. Moreover, benefits and negative side-effects may differ across time and space and have diverse consequences for individuals and groups. Assessments of the full range of outcomes created by climate compatible development projects and their implications for distributive justice are scarce. This article develops a framework using a systematic literature review that enables holistic climate compatible development outcome evaluation over seven parameters identified. Thereafter, we explore the outcomes of two donor-funded projects that pursue climate compatible development triple-wins in Malawi using this framework. Household surveys, semi-structured interviews and documentary material are analysed. Results reveal that uneven outcomes are experienced between stakeholder groups and change over time. Although climate compatible development triple-wins can be achieved through projects, they do not represent the full range of outcomes. Ecosystem-and community-based activities are becoming popularised as approaches for achieving climate compatible development goals. However, findings suggest that a strengthened evidence base is required to ensure that these approaches are able to meet climate compatible development goals and further distributive justice.
各国政府和捐助方正在投资于气候兼容型发展，以减少气候和发展方面的脆弱性。然而，气候兼容型发展的实施速度超过了学术界对这一概念的探究。旨在实现气候兼容型发展“共赢”（促进发展、减缓、适应）的干预措施也可能产生负面副作用。此外，收益和负面副作用可能会随时间和空间而有所不同，对个人和群体产生不同的影响。对气候兼容型发展项目所产生的全部结果及其对分配正义的影响进行评估的情况很少见。本文通过系统的文献综述建立了一个框架，能够对确定的七个参数进行全面的气候兼容型发展成果评估。此后，我们使用这个框架探讨了马拉维两个由捐助方资助的追求气候兼容型发展三赢的项目的成果。对家庭调查、半结构化访谈和文献资料进行了分析。结果显示，利益相关者群体之间的结果不均衡，且会随时间而变化。虽然通过项目可以实现气候兼容型发展的三赢，但它们并不代表全部结果。基于生态系统和社区的活动正作为实现气候兼容型发展目标的方法而得到推广。然而，研究结果表明，需要加强证据基础，以确保这些方法能够实现气候兼容型发展目标并促进分配正义。
