School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Oct;49(10):2110-2118. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001330.
The benefits of regular exercise for health are well established; however, certain behaviors after exercise, such as unhealthy or excessive food consumption, can counteract some of these benefits.
To investigate the effect of autonomy support (through the provision of choice) in exercise-relative to a no-choice condition with matched energy expenditure-on appetite and subsequent energy intake.
Fifty-eight men and women (body mass index, 22.9 ± 2.3 kg·m; peak oxygen consumption, 52.7 ± 6.4 mL·kg·min) completed one familiarization session and one experimental trial, in which they were randomized to either a choice or no-choice exercise condition using a between-subjects yoked design. Ad libitum energy intake from a laboratory test meal was assessed after exercise, together with perceptions of mood, perceived choice, enjoyment, and value.
Despite similar ratings of perceived appetite across conditions (P > 0.05), energy intake was significantly higher after exercise performed under the no-choice condition (2456 ± 1410 kJ) compared with the choice condition (1668 ± 1215 kJ; P = 0.026; d = 0.60). In particular, the proportion of energy intake from unhealthy foods was significantly greater after exercise in the no-choice condition (1412 ± 1304 kJ) compared with the choice condition (790 ± 861 kJ; P = 0.037, d = 0.56). Participants in the choice condition also reported higher perceptions of choice (P < 0.001), enjoyment (P = 0.008), and value (P = 0.009) relating to the exercise session, whereas there were no between-condition differences in mood (P > 0.05).
A lack of choice in exercise is associated with greater energy intake from "unhealthy" foods in recovery. This finding highlights the importance of facilitating an autonomy supportive environment during exercise prescription and instruction.
定期运动对健康的益处已得到充分证实；然而，某些运动后的行为，如不健康或过量的食物摄入，可能会抵消其中的一些益处。
研究在运动中给予自主性支持（通过提供选择）相对于无选择条件（能量消耗相匹配）对食欲和随后的能量摄入的影响。
58 名男性和女性（体重指数 22.9 ± 2.3 kg·m；峰值耗氧量 52.7 ± 6.4 mL·kg·min）完成了一次熟悉阶段和一次实验试验，他们被随机分配到有选择或无选择的运动条件下，采用了一种被试间配对设计。在运动后评估来自实验室测试餐的自由能量摄入，以及情绪、感知选择、享受和价值的感知。
尽管在条件下对感知食欲的评价相似（P > 0.05），但在无选择条件下进行的运动后能量摄入明显更高（2456 ± 1410 kJ）与选择条件（1668 ± 1215 kJ；P = 0.026；d = 0.60）。特别是，在无选择条件下运动后，来自不健康食物的能量摄入比例明显更高（1412 ± 1304 kJ）与选择条件（790 ± 861 kJ；P = 0.037，d = 0.56）。选择条件下的参与者还报告了对运动课程的更高感知选择（P < 0.001）、享受（P = 0.008）和价值（P = 0.009），而情绪上没有条件间差异（P > 0.05）。
运动中缺乏选择与恢复期间来自“不健康”食物的能量摄入增加有关。这一发现强调了在运动处方和指导中促进自主性支持环境的重要性。
