Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
PLoS One. 2023 Mar 15;18(3):e0282501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282501. eCollection 2023.
There is considerable variability in how successful people are in losing weight via exercise programs. Experimental research suggests that greater food intake after exercise may be one factor underlying this variability, but no studies have assessed patterns of post-exercise eating behaviour over time in naturalistic settings. Thus, we aimed to assess how exercise and contextual factors (e.g., hunger, presence of others) influence the healthiness and amount of food eaten after exercise in two daily diary studies. In Study 1, participants (n = 48) reported their food intake and exercise daily for 28 days. For each meal, they provided a brief description of the food(s) eaten which were then categorised as healthy, unhealthy, or mixed (neither healthy nor unhealthy) by two independent coders. Study 2 used the same method, but participants (n = 55) also reported the portion size of each meal. Hierarchical linear modelling showed that in Study 1, contrary to expectations, post-exercise meals were less likely to be unhealthy (relative to mixed) than were random meals from non-exercise days (OR = 0.63, p = .011), and that participants ate proportionally fewer unhealthy meals on exercise days compared to non-exercise days (b = -4.27, p = .004). Study 2 replicated these findings, and also found that participants consumed larger meals after exercise in comparison to random meals from non-exercise days (b = 0.25, p < .001). Participants were not consistently engaging in compensatory eating by eating less healthily after exercise compared to on non-exercise days, but they did eat larger portions post-exercise. This work highlights the need for naturalistic methods of assessing compensatory eating, and has the potential to facilitate development of strategies to improve health behaviour regulation.
在通过锻炼计划减肥方面，人们的成功率存在很大差异。实验研究表明，运动后摄入更多的食物可能是造成这种差异的一个因素，但没有研究在自然环境中评估过锻炼后的进食行为随时间的变化模式。因此，我们旨在通过两项日常日记研究评估运动和环境因素（例如，饥饿感、他人在场）如何影响运动后的食物健康程度和摄入量。在研究 1 中，参与者（n = 48）报告了他们 28 天的日常饮食和锻炼情况。对于每顿饭，他们简要描述了所吃的食物，然后由两位独立的编码员将其归类为健康、不健康或混合（既不健康也不不健康）。研究 2 使用了相同的方法，但参与者（n = 55）还报告了每顿饭的份量。分层线性模型显示，在研究 1 中，与预期相反，锻炼后的餐食不太可能不健康（相对于混合），而在非锻炼日随机的餐食则更不健康（OR = 0.63，p =.011），而且与非锻炼日相比，参与者在锻炼日摄入的不健康餐食比例更小（b = -4.27，p =.004）。研究 2 复制了这些发现，还发现与非锻炼日随机的餐食相比，参与者在锻炼后会吃更多的食物（b = 0.25，p <.001）。与非锻炼日相比，参与者在锻炼后并没有通过吃得更不健康来进行补偿性饮食，但他们确实会在锻炼后摄入更多的食物。这项工作强调了需要使用自然主义的方法来评估补偿性饮食，并且有可能促进改善健康行为调节的策略的发展。
