van Os Jim, Verhagen Simone, Marsman Anne, Peeters Frenk, Bak Maarten, Marcelis Machteld, Drukker Marjan, Reininghaus Ulrich, Jacobs Nele, Lataster Tineke, Simons Claudia, Lousberg Richel, Gülöksüz Sinan, Leue Carsten, Groot Peter C, Viechtbauer Wolfgang, Delespaul Philippe
Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, UK.
Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):481-493. doi: 10.1002/da.22647. Epub 2017 May 23.
The experience sampling method (ESM) builds an intensive time series of experiences and contexts in the flow of daily life, typically consisting of around 70 reports, collected at 8-10 random time points per day over a period of up to 10 days.
With the advent of widespread smartphone use, ESM can be used in routine clinical practice. Multiple examples of ESM data collections across different patient groups and settings are shown and discussed, varying from an ESM evaluation of a 6-week randomized trial of mindfulness, to a twin study on emotion dynamics in daily life.
Research shows that ESM-based self-monitoring and feedback can enhance resilience by strengthening the capacity to use natural rewards. Personalized trajectories of starting or stopping medication can be more easily initiated and predicted if sensitive feedback data are available in real time. In addition, personalized trajectories of symptoms, cognitive abilities, symptoms impacting on other symptoms, the capacity of the dynamic system of mental health to "bounce back" from disturbance, and patterns of environmental reactivity yield uniquely personal data to support shared decision making and prediction in clinical practice. Finally, ESM makes it possible to develop insight into previous implicit patterns of thought, experience, and behavior, particularly if rapid personalized feedback is available.
ESM enhances clinical practice and research. It is empowering, providing co-ownership of the process of diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and routine outcome measurement. Blended care, based on a mix of face-to-face and ESM-based outside-the-office treatment, may reduce costs and improve outcomes.
经验取样法（ESM）构建了日常生活中密集的经验和情境时间序列，通常由大约70份报告组成，在长达10天的时间里，每天在8 - 10个随机时间点收集。
随着智能手机的广泛使用，ESM可用于常规临床实践。展示并讨论了跨不同患者群体和环境的ESM数据收集的多个示例，从一项为期6周的正念随机试验的ESM评估到一项关于日常生活中情绪动态的双生子研究。
研究表明，基于ESM的自我监测和反馈可以通过增强使用自然奖励的能力来提高恢复力。如果能实时获得敏感的反馈数据，就可以更轻松地启动和预测开始或停止用药的个性化轨迹。此外，症状、认知能力、影响其他症状的症状、心理健康动态系统从干扰中“反弹”的能力以及环境反应模式的个性化轨迹会产生独特的个人数据，以支持临床实践中的共同决策和预测。最后，ESM使洞察先前隐含的思维、经验和行为模式成为可能，特别是如果能获得快速的个性化反馈。
ESM增强了临床实践和研究。它具有赋能作用，在诊断、治疗评估和常规结果测量过程中提供共同所有权。基于面对面和基于ESM的门诊外治疗相结合的混合护理可能会降低成本并改善结果。
