Salines Morgane, Andraud Mathieu, Rose Nicolas
ANSES-Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, BP 53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France.
Vet Res. 2017 May 25;48(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0436-3.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans, an emerging zoonosis mainly transmitted via food in developed countries and for which domestic pigs are recognised as the main reservoir. It therefore appears important to understand the features and drivers of HEV infection dynamics on pig farms in order to implement HEV surveillance programmes and to assess and manage public health risks. The authors have reviewed the international scientific literature on the epidemiological characteristics of HEV in swine populations. Although prevalence estimates differed greatly from one study to another, all consistently reported high variability between farms, suggesting the existence of multifactorial conditions related to infection and within-farm transmission of the virus. Longitudinal studies and experimental trials have provided estimates of epidemiological parameters governing the transmission process (e.g. age at infection, transmission parameters, shedding period duration or lag time before the onset of an immune response). Farming practices, passive immunity and co-infection with immunosuppressive agents were identified as the main factors influencing HEV infection dynamics, but further investigations are needed to clarify the different HEV infection patterns observed in pig herds as well as HEV transmission between farms. Relevant surveillance programmes and control measures from farm to fork also have to be fostered to reduce the prevalence of contaminated pork products entering the food chain.
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是人类戊型肝炎的病原体，戊型肝炎是一种新出现的人畜共患病，在发达国家主要通过食物传播，家猪被认为是主要宿主。因此，了解猪场戊型肝炎病毒感染动态的特征和驱动因素，对于实施戊型肝炎病毒监测计划以及评估和管理公共卫生风险显得至关重要。作者回顾了关于猪群中戊型肝炎病毒流行病学特征的国际科学文献。尽管不同研究的患病率估计差异很大，但所有研究均一致报告猪场之间存在高度变异性，这表明存在与病毒感染和农场内传播相关的多因素情况。纵向研究和实验性试验提供了对控制传播过程的流行病学参数的估计（例如感染年龄、传播参数、排毒期持续时间或免疫反应开始前的滞后时间）。养殖方式、被动免疫以及与免疫抑制剂的共同感染被确定为影响戊型肝炎病毒感染动态的主要因素，但需要进一步研究以阐明猪群中观察到的不同戊型肝炎病毒感染模式以及农场之间的戊型肝炎病毒传播情况。还必须推动从农场到餐桌的相关监测计划和控制措施，以降低进入食物链的受污染猪肉产品的患病率。
