Piotrowska Urszula, Sobczak Marcin, Oledzka Ewa
Chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Chem Biol Drug Des. 2017 Dec;90(6):1079-1093. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13031. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
Micro-organism resistance is an important challenge in modern medicine due to the global uncontrolled use of antibiotics. Natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) symbolize a new family of antibiotics, which have stimulated research and clinical interest as new therapeutic options for infections. They represent one of the most promising antimicrobial substances, due to their broad spectrum of biological activity, against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, yeast and even tumour cells. Besides, being antimicrobial, AMPs have been shown to bind and neutralize bacterial endotoxins, as well as possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, angiogenic and antitumour properties. In contrast to conventional antibiotics, which have very defined and specific molecular targets, host cationic peptides show varying, complex and very rapid mechanisms of actions that make it difficult to form an effective antimicrobial defence. Importantly, AMPs display their antimicrobial activity at micromolar concentrations or less. To do this, many peptide-based drugs are commercially available for the treatment of numerous diseases, such as hepatitis C, myeloma, skin infections and diabetes. Herein, we present an overview of the general mechanism of AMPs action, along with recent developments regarding carriers of AMPs and their potential applications in medical fields.
由于抗生素在全球范围内的无节制使用，微生物耐药性成为现代医学面临的一项重大挑战。天然和合成抗菌肽（AMPs）代表了一类新型抗生素，作为感染治疗的新选择，激发了研究和临床兴趣。它们具有广泛的生物活性，能对抗细菌、真菌、原生动物、病毒、酵母甚至肿瘤细胞，是最具前景的抗菌物质之一。此外，除了具有抗菌作用外，抗菌肽还被证明能结合并中和细菌内毒素，同时具有免疫调节、抗炎、伤口愈合、血管生成和抗肿瘤特性。与具有非常明确和特定分子靶点的传统抗生素不同，宿主阳离子肽表现出多样、复杂且非常迅速的作用机制，这使得难以形成有效的抗菌防御。重要的是，抗菌肽在微摩尔浓度或更低浓度下就能发挥其抗菌活性。为此，许多基于肽的药物已在市场上用于治疗多种疾病，如丙型肝炎、骨髓瘤、皮肤感染和糖尿病。在此，我们概述了抗菌肽的一般作用机制，以及抗菌肽载体的最新进展及其在医学领域的潜在应用。
