Goldstein Hannah E, Solomon Robert A
Department of Neurosurgery, The Neurological Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, The Neurological Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2017;143:241-247. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63640-9.00023-0.
Cavernous malformations, accounting for approximately 5-15% of all vascular abnormalities in the central nervous system, are angiographically occult lesions which most often present with seizures, rather than acute hemorrhage. Widely variable across populations, the incidence of cavernous malformations has been reported to be 0.15-0.56 per 100 000 persons per year, with an annual hemorrhage rate of 0.6-11% per patient-year. Seen in 0.17-0.9% of the population, up to one-half are familial, and at least three gene loci have been associated with a familial form, more common among Hispanic Americans. Most cavernous malformations are supratentorial, with 10-23% in the posterior fossa, and approximately 5% found in the spine.
海绵状血管畸形约占中枢神经系统所有血管异常的5%-15%，是血管造影隐匿性病变，最常表现为癫痫发作，而非急性出血。海绵状血管畸形在人群中的发病率差异很大，据报道为每年每10万人中有0.15-0.56例，患者每年的出血率为0.6%-11%。在0.17%-0.9%的人群中可见，其中多达一半为家族性，至少有三个基因位点与家族性形式相关，在西班牙裔美国人中更为常见。大多数海绵状血管畸形位于幕上，10%-23%位于后颅窝，约5%位于脊柱。
