Gallo R C
Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20853.
Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1988;19:31-43.
Human retroviruses (HTLV-I, HTLV-II, HIV-1, and HIV-2) and some human herpes viruses (notably EBV and HHV-6 or HBLV) infect chiefly target cells of the immune system. They can alter function of these cells, leading to many side effects, including mild (HTLVs), transient (EBV, HHV-6), or profound (HIVs) immune impairment with the associated clinical consequences. The retroviruses can also cause injury to the central nervous system but the mechanisms are poorly understood. An almost opposite effect of all of these immunocytotropic viruses is their capacity to directly induce abnormal cell growth of their target cells or indirectly of other cells. In addition to their importance in human disease, studies of these viruses are helping to provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation, fundamental aspects of the immune system, and of the origin, cellular and molecular pathogenesis of human tumors.
人类逆转录病毒（HTLV-I、HTLV-II、HIV-1和HIV-2）以及一些人类疱疹病毒（特别是EBV和HHV-6或HBLV）主要感染免疫系统的靶细胞。它们能够改变这些细胞的功能，导致许多副作用，包括轻微的（HTLVs）、短暂的（EBV、HHV-6）或严重的（HIVs）免疫损伤以及相关的临床后果。逆转录病毒还可导致中枢神经系统损伤，但其机制尚不清楚。所有这些亲免疫细胞病毒几乎相反的作用是它们能够直接诱导其靶细胞异常生长或间接诱导其他细胞异常生长。除了它们在人类疾病中的重要性外，对这些病毒的研究有助于为基因调控的分子机制、免疫系统的基本方面以及人类肿瘤的起源、细胞和分子发病机制提供新的见解。
