Shimada Hiroyuki, Ishii Kenji, Makizako Hyuma, Ishiwata Kiichi, Oda Keiichi, Suzukawa Megumi
Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-0038, Japan.
Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2017 May 30;14(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9.
Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults.
A total of 24 elderly women (75-83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).
All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention.
Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance.
UMIN-CTR ( UMIN000021829 ). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016.
体育活动可能会保持神经元可塑性，增加突触形成，并促使促进神经发生和神经元功能的激素因子释放。先前的研究报告了运动训练后神经认知功能得到增强。然而，运动训练期间激活的特定皮质区域在很大程度上仍不明确。在本研究中，我们定量且客观地评估了运动对健康老年人行走过程中大脑活动的影响。
总共24名老年女性（75 - 83岁）被随机分配到干预组或对照组。干预组参加为期3个月的双周90分钟课程，重点是有氧运动、力量训练和物理治疗。我们使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和[F]氟脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）监测两组在行走过程中局部脑葡萄糖代谢的变化。
所有受试者均完成了为期3个月的实验，对运动计划的依从率为100%。与对照组相比，干预组在进行3个月体育活动后右脚步幅明显更大。FDG - PET评估显示，干预组干预后左侧内嗅后皮质、左侧颞上回和右侧颞极上区的局部葡萄糖代谢显著增加。有趣的是，3个月后对照组在左侧运动前区和辅助运动区、左右体感联合皮质以及右侧初级视觉皮质的局部葡萄糖代谢出现相对增加。我们发现干预组和对照组在干预前后的FDG摄取量没有显著差异。
运动训练增加了特定脑区的活动，如楔前叶和内嗅皮质，这些脑区在情景记忆和空间记忆中起重要作用。需要进一步研究以确认行走过程中这些区域内葡萄糖代谢的改变是否直接促进身体和认知表现。
UMIN - CTR（UMIN000021829）。2016年4月10日追溯注册。
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