Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 1;601-602:285-292. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.158. Epub 2017 May 28.
The incidence of pesticides in poisoned baits recovered from 2005 to 2014 in Italian northern regions of Emilia Romagna and Lombardy was analysed. A total of 956 baits tested positive for pesticides during the study period. In 9.3% (n=89) of the baits analysed more than one toxic compound was present. Insecticides (53.2%) proved to be the pesticides most commonly involved followed by rodenticides (34.3%), molluscicides (12.3%) and herbicides (0.2%). Among insecticides, the anticholinesterases (organophosphates and carbamates) were the most frequently detected (59.1%, n=412) followed by organochlorines (39.8%; n=277). Anticoagulants proved to be the rodenticides most commonly involved (78.5%; n=353) with many baits containing brodifacoum or bromadiolone, while metaldehyde was the most used molluscicide (88.2%; n=142). A high number of baits contained banned pesticides such as endosulfan, methamidophos, carbofuran and strychnine indicating that the restrictions and the bans on the use of toxic and highly toxic pesticides are not accompanied by a lower use in poisoned baits. The high incidence of banned pesticides detected in the present survey is extremely worrying and poses the question of where and how these compounds were obtained. Efforts have to be made to reduce this illegal practice and its environmental impact. Moreover, education and awareness campaigns should be instituted.
对 2005 年至 2014 年意大利艾米利亚-罗马涅和伦巴第北部地区从中毒诱饵中回收的农药进行了分析。在研究期间，共有 956 个诱饵被检测出含有农药。在所分析的诱饵中，有 9.3%（n=89）的诱饵中存在超过一种有毒化合物。事实证明，杀虫剂（53.2%）是最常见的涉及的农药，其次是杀鼠剂（34.3%）、杀螺剂（12.3%）和除草剂（0.2%）。在杀虫剂中，抗胆碱酯酶（有机磷和氨基甲酸酯）是最常被检测到的（59.1%，n=412），其次是有机氯（39.8%；n=277）。抗凝血剂是最常见的杀鼠剂（78.5%；n=353），许多诱饵中含有溴敌隆或溴鼠灵，而灭螺剂则主要使用多聚乙醛（88.2%；n=142）。许多诱饵含有已被禁用的农药，如硫丹、甲胺磷、克百威和士的宁，这表明对有毒和高毒农药的限制和禁用并没有伴随中毒诱饵使用量的减少。在本调查中检测到大量被禁用的农药，这极其令人担忧，并提出了这些化合物是从何处以及如何获得的问题。必须努力减少这种非法行为及其对环境的影响。此外，应开展教育和宣传活动。
