School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Tamil Nadu, India.
Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technologies Center, VIT University, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2017 Aug;173:61-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.023. Epub 2017 May 22.
The challenges of medicine today include the increasing stipulation for sensitive and effective systems that can improve the pathological responses with a simultaneous reduction in accumulation and drug side effects. The demand can be fulfilled through the advancements in nanomedicine that includes nanostructures and nanodevices for diagnosing, treating, and prevention of various diseases. In this respect, the nanoscience provides various novel techniques with carriers such as micelles, dendrimers, particles and vesicles for the transportation of active moieties. Further, an efficient way to improve these systems is through stimuli a responsive system that utilizes supramolecular hyperbranched structures to meet the above criteria. The stimuli-responsive dendritic architectures exhibit spatial, temporal, convenient, effective, safety and controlled drug release in response to specific trigger through electrostatic interactions plus π stacking. The stimuli-responsive systems are capable of sequestering the drug molecules underneath a predefined set of conditions and discharge them in a different environment through either exogenous or endogenous stimulus. The incorporation of photoresponsive moieties at various components of dendrimer such as core, branches or at the peripheral end exaggerates its significance in various allied fields of nanotechnology which includes sensors, photoswitch, electronic widgets and in drug delivery systems. This is due to the light instigated geometrical modifications at the core or at the surface molecules which generates huge conformational changes throughout the hyperbranched structure. Further, numerous synthetic methodologies have been investigated for utilization of dendrimers in therapeutic drug delivery and its applicability towards stimuli responsive systems such as photo-instigated, thermal-instigated, and pH-instigated hyperbranched structures and their advancement in the field of nanomedicine. This paper highlights the fascinating theoretical advances and principal mechanisms of dendrimer synthesis and their ability to capture light that strengthens its applicability from radiant energy to medical photonics.
当今医学面临的挑战包括对敏感且有效的系统的日益需求，这些系统可以提高病理性反应，同时减少药物积累和副作用。纳米医学的进步可以满足这一需求，其中包括用于诊断、治疗和预防各种疾病的纳米结构和纳米器件。在这方面，纳米科学为载体（如胶束、树枝状大分子、颗粒和囊泡）提供了各种新型技术，用于输送活性部分。此外，通过利用超支化结构的刺激响应系统来提高这些系统的效率是一种有效的方法，以满足上述标准。刺激响应树枝状大分子架构表现出空间、时间、方便、有效、安全和控制药物释放，以响应特定触发通过静电相互作用和π堆叠。刺激响应系统能够在预定条件下将药物分子隔离在特定条件下，并通过外源性或内源性刺激在不同环境下释放它们。在树枝状大分子的各个部分（如核心、分支或外围末端）引入光响应部分，夸大了其在纳米技术的各个相关领域中的重要性，包括传感器、光开关、电子小工具和药物输送系统。这是由于光引发核心或表面分子的几何形状变化，从而在整个超支化结构中产生巨大的构象变化。此外，已经研究了许多合成方法来利用树枝状大分子进行治疗药物输送及其在刺激响应系统（如光引发、热引发和 pH 引发的超支化结构）中的适用性，以及它们在纳米医学领域的进展。本文重点介绍了树枝状大分子合成的迷人理论进展和主要机制，以及其捕获光的能力，这增强了其从辐射能到医学光子学的适用性。
