Lavin Roberta Proffitt, Adelman Deborah S, Veenema Tener Goodwin
1University of Missouri-St. Louis College of Nursing,St. Louis, Missouri.
2Kaplan University School of Nursing,Chicago,Illinois.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2017 Dec;11(6):641-646. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2017.10. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Major disasters occurring within the Unites States require nursing participation as a component of a successful response. Disaster nursing includes the care of populations affected by disasters, public health emergencies, and mass casualty events, both natural and man-made. A unique knowledge base, abilities, and skills are needed to respond appropriately to health care and human service needs resulting from these events.
Despite prior efforts to advance disaster nursing as a specialty, none were sustainable and a professional framework for establishing standards and guidelines remains lacking.
Disaster nursing is a complex arena where the intersection of competence, scope of practice, regulation, and clinical guidelines continues to evolve. Professional credibility and our contribution to disaster response lie in our ability to articulate and advance professionalism. Disaster nursing as a specialty practice requires a similar foundational framework to nursing specialties recognized by the American Nurses Association within a model of professional practice in order to ensure population outcomes that are reflective of safe, quality, evidence-based practice.
It is time to define a disaster nursing scope of practice, establish standards for care, identify best practices, and pursue the establishment of an independent professional organization within the field of disaster nursing. This will establish the necessary foundation for optimizing nursing's contribution to and support of the National Health Security Strategy. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:641-646).
美国境内发生的重大灾难需要护士参与,这是成功应对灾难的一个组成部分。灾难护理包括对受灾难、公共卫生紧急事件以及大规模伤亡事件(包括自然和人为事件)影响的人群的护理。需要具备独特的知识基础、能力和技能,才能恰当地应对这些事件所导致的医疗保健和公共服务需求。
尽管此前曾努力推动将灾难护理发展成为一个专业领域,但均未持续下去,且仍然缺乏一个用于制定标准和指南的专业框架。
灾难护理是一个复杂的领域,能力、实践范围、监管和临床指南之间的交叉点仍在不断演变。专业信誉以及我们对灾难应对的贡献取决于我们阐明并推进专业精神的能力。作为一种专业实践,灾难护理需要一个类似于美国护士协会认可的护理专业领域的基础框架,该框架需纳入专业实践模式,以确保能实现体现安全、优质、循证实践的人群护理效果。
现在是时候界定灾难护理的实践范围、制定护理标准、确定最佳实践方法,并推动在灾难护理领域建立一个独立的专业组织了。这将为优化护理对《国家卫生安全战略》的贡献并提供支持奠定必要的基础。(《灾难医学与公共卫生防范》。2017年;11:641 - 646)