Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 23;19(10):e0309231. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309231. eCollection 2024.
HIV-related stigma has significant adverse impacts on people living with HIV/AIDS, such as psychological distress, decreased quality of life, a reluctance to get screened and treated, and a reluctance to disclose their status due to fear of stereotypes or rejection.
To determine the pooled prevalence and factors associated with HIV-related perceived stigma and internalized stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa.
Articles that assessed the prevalence and associated factors of HIV-related perceived stigma and internalized stigma were reviewed. PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, CINAHL, and Science Direct were the databases used to search the primary studies. The data was extracted through a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to STATA version 14 for further analysis. The I2 test was applied to test heterogeneity, whereas Egger's test and funnel plot were used to check publication bias.
In this study, the total sample size was 28,355 (for perceived stigma) and 22,732 (for internalized stigma). The overall pooled prevalence of HIV-related perceived stigma and internalized stigma was determined to be 41.23% and 35.68%, respectively. Based on the subgroup analysis results, the highest pooled prevalence of perceived stigma was observed in Nigeria (50.04%), followed by Ethiopia (41.72%), while the highest prevalence of internalized stigma was observed in Ethiopia (56.13%), followed by Cameroon (44.66%). Females (OR = 1.63: 1.31, 2.02) and rural dwellers (OR = 1.93: 1.36, 2.74) had more odds of experiencing HIV-related perceived stigma.
This study concluded that four in ten and more than one-third of people living with HIV/AIDS suffered from perceived and internalized stigma. Thus, special considerations must be given to women and rural dwellers. It is recommended to implement multi-level interventions and foster empowerment and support for individuals living with HIV.
艾滋病毒相关耻辱感对艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者造成了重大的负面影响，如心理困扰、生活质量下降、不愿接受筛查和治疗、以及因担心刻板印象或被拒绝而不愿透露自己的身份。
确定非洲艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者中艾滋病毒相关感知耻辱感和内化耻辱感的综合流行率和相关因素。
综述了评估艾滋病毒相关感知耻辱感和内化耻辱感流行率及其相关因素的文章。使用 PubMed、EMBASE、Google Scholar、African Journal Online、CINAHL 和 Science Direct 数据库搜索原始研究。通过 Microsoft Excel 电子表格提取数据，并将其导出到 STATA 版本 14 进行进一步分析。应用 I2 检验来检验异质性，而 Egger 检验和漏斗图用于检查发表偏倚。
在这项研究中，总样本量为 28355 人（感知耻辱感）和 22732 人（内化耻辱感）。确定艾滋病毒相关感知耻辱感和内化耻辱感的总体综合流行率分别为 41.23%和 35.68%。基于亚组分析结果，尼日利亚的感知耻辱感最高，为 50.04%，其次是埃塞俄比亚，为 41.72%，而内化耻辱感最高的是埃塞俄比亚，为 56.13%，其次是喀麦隆，为 44.66%。女性（OR=1.63:1.31,2.02）和农村居民（OR=1.93:1.36,2.74）更有可能经历艾滋病毒相关的感知耻辱感。
本研究表明，十分之四的艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者存在感知耻辱感，超过三分之一的人存在内化耻辱感。因此，必须特别关注妇女和农村居民。建议实施多层次的干预措施，并为艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者提供赋权和支持。
