Hull Jennifer J, Cunliffe Nigel, Jere Khuzwayo C, Moon Sung-Sil, Wang Yuhuan, Parashar Umesh, Jiang Baoming
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Malawi Med J. 2017 Mar;29(1):24-28. doi: 10.4314/mmj.v29i1.5.
Rotavirus and HIV infection are major causes of death among children in sub-Saharan Africa. A previous study reported no association between concomitant HIV infection and rotavirus disease severity among hospitalised children in Malawi. This study examined rotavirus antigenaemia and broader immune responses among HIV-infected and uninfected children.
Stored (-80°C), paired sera from acute and convalescent phases of Malawian children less than 5 years old, hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis in the primary study, collected from July 1997 to June 1999, were utilised. Among children older than 15 months, HIV infection was defined as the presence of HIV antibody in the blood, when confirmed by at least 2 established methods. For those younger than 15 months, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of proviral DNA was used for verification. All were followed for up to 4 weeks after hospital discharge. Rotavirus antigen levels in sera were measured with Premier™ Rotaclone® rotavirus enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit. Acute-phase sera were examined for 17 cytokines, using Luminex fluorescent bead human cytokine immunoassay kit. Rotavirus-specific IgA and neutralising activity were determined by EIA and microneutralisation (MN) assay, respectively. Human strains and bovine-human reassortants were propagated in MA104 cells with serum-free Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM). Differences in results, from specimens with and without HIV infection, were analysed for statistical significance using the chi-square test.
We detected rotavirus antigen in 30% of the HIV-infected and 21% HIV-uninfected, in the acute-phase sera. HIV-infected children developed slightly prolonged rotavirus antigenaemia compared to HIV-uninfected children.
Rotavirus-specific IgA seroconversion rates and neutralising titres were similar in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, thus, HIV infection had no major effect on immune responses to rotavirus infection.
轮状病毒和艾滋病毒感染是撒哈拉以南非洲儿童死亡的主要原因。先前一项研究报告称，在马拉维住院儿童中，同时感染艾滋病毒与轮状病毒疾病严重程度之间无关联。本研究检测了感染艾滋病毒和未感染艾滋病毒儿童的轮状病毒抗原血症及更广泛的免疫反应。
利用1997年7月至1999年6月在主要研究中因急性胃肠炎住院的5岁以下马拉维儿童急性期和恢复期储存于-80°C的配对血清。15个月以上儿童，经至少两种既定方法确认后，艾滋病毒感染定义为血液中存在艾滋病毒抗体。对于15个月以下儿童，采用巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增前病毒DNA进行验证。所有儿童出院后随访长达4周。使用Premier™ Rotaclone®轮状病毒酶免疫分析（EIA）试剂盒测定血清中的轮状病毒抗原水平。采用Luminex荧光微珠人细胞因子免疫分析试剂盒检测急性期血清中的17种细胞因子。轮状病毒特异性IgA和中和活性分别通过EIA和微量中和（MN）试验测定。人毒株和牛-人重配株在含无血清Iscove改良杜氏培养基（IMDM）的MA104细胞中培养。采用卡方检验分析有无艾滋病毒感染标本结果的差异，以确定统计学意义。
在急性期血清中，我们在30%感染艾滋病毒的儿童和21%未感染艾滋病毒的儿童中检测到轮状病毒抗原。与未感染艾滋病毒的儿童相比，感染艾滋病毒的儿童轮状病毒抗原血症持续时间略有延长。
感染艾滋病毒和未感染艾滋病毒的儿童中，轮状病毒特异性IgA血清转化率和中和滴度相似，因此，艾滋病毒感染对轮状病毒感染的免疫反应无重大影响。
