Health Secur. 2017 May/Jun;15(3):307-311. doi: 10.1089/hs.2017.0009. Epub 2017 Jun 2.
The federal budgeting process affects a wide range of people who work in public health, including those who work for government at local, state, and federal levels; those who work with government; those who operate government-funded programs; and those who receive program services. However, many people who are affected by the federal budget are not aware of or do not understand how it is appropriated or executed. This commentary is intended to give non-financial experts an overview of the federal budget process to address public health emergencies. Using CDC as an example, we provide: (1) a brief overview of the annual budget formulation and appropriation process; (2) a description of execution and implementation of the federal budget; and (3) an overview of emergency supplemental appropriations, using as examples the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the 2014-15 Ebola outbreak, and the 2016 Zika epidemic. Public health emergencies require rapid coordinated responses among Congress, government agencies, partners, and sometimes foreign, state, and local governments. It is important to have an understanding of the appropriation process, including supplemental appropriations that might come into play during public health emergencies, as well as the constraints under which Congress and federal agencies operate throughout the federal budget formulation process and execution.
联邦预算过程影响到广泛的从事公共卫生工作的人群，包括在地方、州和联邦各级政府工作的人；与政府合作的人；运营政府资助项目的人；以及接受项目服务的人。然而，许多受联邦预算影响的人并不了解或不理解其拨款或执行方式。本评论旨在向非财务专家概述联邦预算过程，以应对公共卫生紧急情况。我们以疾病预防控制中心为例，提供了：（1）年度预算编制和拨款过程的简要概述；（2）联邦预算执行和实施的描述；（3）紧急补充拨款的概述，以 2009 年 H1N1 流感大流行、2014-15 年埃博拉疫情和 2016 年寨卡疫情为例。公共卫生紧急情况需要国会、政府机构、合作伙伴之间的快速协调应对，有时还需要与外国、州和地方政府协调应对。了解拨款过程很重要，包括在公共卫生紧急情况下可能动用的补充拨款，以及国会和联邦机构在整个联邦预算编制过程和执行过程中运作的限制。
