Helmy Yosra A, Krücken Jürgen, Abdelwhab El-Sayed M, von Samson-Himmelstjerna Georg, Hafez Hafez M
Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America.
Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 2;12(6):e0177150. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177150. eCollection 2017.
A total of 256 fecal specimens were randomly collected from farmed poultry in Germany and screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. by PCR and further characterized by direct automated DNA sequencing. Using a nested PCR amplifying approximately 830 bp 18S rDNA fragment, 7.03% (n = 18) of the samples were Cryptosporidium-positive. In detail, Cryptosporidium was detected in 9.3% (8/86) of turkeys, 5.7% (9/158) of broilers and 8.3% (1/12) of layers. After DNA sequencing, Cryptosporidium parvum the most frequently observed species was identified in 5.1% (13/256) of all poultry species, including 8.1% (7/86) of turkeys, 3.2% (5/158) of broilers and 8.3% (1/12) of layers. Cryptosporidium baileyi was detected in 1.3% (2/256) of the broilers only. Three novel unclassified Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 1.2% (1/86) of turkeys and 1.3% (2/158) of broilers. The infection rate was high in 13-20 week old turkeys, 1-6 weeks old broilers and >20 weeks old layers but differences between age groups were not significant. This is the first study in Germany uses molecular methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium in poultry. The results indicate that Cryptosporidium parasites are common among broilers and turkeys in Germany. Considering the large size of the poultry industry, the large amount of poultry meat that is consumed and the fact that C. parvum is also the most common Cryptosporidium parasite in humans, poultry might also be a source of human infections.
从德国养殖家禽中随机收集了总共256份粪便样本，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）筛查隐孢子虫属的存在，并通过直接自动化DNA测序进一步鉴定。使用巢式PCR扩增约830 bp的18S核糖体DNA（rDNA）片段，7.03%（n = 18）的样本隐孢子虫呈阳性。具体而言，在9.3%（8/86）的火鸡、5.7%（9/158）的肉鸡和8.3%（1/12）的蛋鸡中检测到隐孢子虫。DNA测序后，在所有家禽品种的5.1%（13/256）中鉴定出最常观察到的微小隐孢子虫，包括8.1%（7/86）的火鸡、3.2%（5/158）的肉鸡和8.3%（1/12）的蛋鸡。仅在1.3%（2/256）的肉鸡中检测到贝氏隐孢子虫。在1.2%（1/86）的火鸡和1.3%（2/158）的肉鸡中检测到三种新的未分类隐孢子虫属。13 - 20周龄的火鸡、1 - 6周龄的肉鸡和大于20周龄的蛋鸡感染率较高，但不同年龄组之间的差异不显著。这是德国首次使用分子方法检测家禽中的隐孢子虫。结果表明，隐孢子虫寄生虫在德国的肉鸡和火鸡中很常见。考虑到家禽产业规模庞大、消费的禽肉数量众多以及微小隐孢子虫也是人类中最常见的隐孢子虫寄生虫这一事实，家禽也可能是人类感染的来源。
