Apryatin S A, Sidorova Yu S, Shipelin V A, Balakina A, Trusov N V, Mazo V K
Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia.
Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017 May;163(1):37-41. doi: 10.1007/s10517-017-3732-z. Epub 2017 Jun 3.
Behavioral indicators characterizing specific features of the pathological process of alimentary-dependent diseases were studied using in vivo model of alimentary hyperlipidemia in rats and mice. Rats and mice of the control groups received balanced semisynthetic diet for 63 days; animals of the experimental groups received a diet with high fat content (30% dry weight), balanced or high-fat diet with fructose solution instead of water, balanced cholesterol-enriched diet (0.5% dry weight), or balanced cholesterol-enriched diet with fructose solution. During the experiment, the mass of food, consumed by the animals, was monitored daily. Muscle tone was assessed by the front paw grip strength on days 33 and 54 of the experiment. Anxiety was tested in the elevated plus maze on days 36 and 57. Behavior and memory were assessed by conditioned passive avoidance reflex on days 39, 40, and 61. A significant increase in muscle tone was revealed on day 54 in rats fed with a balanced diet with fructose, and in mice, that received a similar diet, supplemented with fructose and cholesterol. Anxiety in the second test (day 57) was significantly decreased in rats fed high-fat diet and increased in mice fed high fat diet and high fat diet with fructose. In the second test, additional amount of cholesterol in the diet was the factor that significantly improved both short-term and long-term memory in both species. In mice, in contrast to rats, addition of fructose, including combination with high-fat diet, significantly worsened short-term and long-term memory. Thus, dietary factors, contributing to alimentary dyslipidemia development in rats and mice, can significantly affect the indices of neuromotor activity, anxiety level and cognitive functions, and the nature and direction of these changes are largely species-specific.
利用大鼠和小鼠食源性高脂血症的体内模型，研究了表征食源性疾病病理过程特定特征的行为指标。对照组的大鼠和小鼠接受平衡的半合成饮食63天；实验组的动物接受高脂肪含量（干重的30%）的饮食、用果糖溶液代替水的平衡或高脂肪饮食、富含胆固醇的平衡饮食（干重的0.5%）或富含胆固醇的平衡饮食加果糖溶液。在实验过程中，每天监测动物的食物摄入量。在实验的第33天和第54天，通过前爪握力评估肌肉张力。在第36天和第57天，在高架十字迷宫中测试焦虑水平。在第39天、第40天和第61天，通过条件性被动回避反射评估行为和记忆。在喂食含果糖平衡饮食的大鼠以及接受类似饮食并补充果糖和胆固醇的小鼠中，第54天肌肉张力显著增加。在第二次测试（第57天）中，喂食高脂肪饮食的大鼠焦虑显著降低，而喂食高脂肪饮食和含果糖高脂肪饮食的小鼠焦虑增加。在第二次测试中，饮食中额外添加胆固醇是显著改善两种动物短期和长期记忆的因素。与大鼠不同，在小鼠中，添加果糖，包括与高脂肪饮食联合，显著恶化短期和长期记忆。因此，导致大鼠和小鼠食源性血脂异常发展的饮食因素可显著影响神经运动活动指标、焦虑水平和认知功能，且这些变化的性质和方向在很大程度上具有物种特异性。
