Hill Lisa J, Williams Adrian C
Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Int J Tryptophan Res. 2017 May 3;10:1178646917704662. doi: 10.1177/1178646917704662. eCollection 2017.
Meat and vitamin B - nicotinamide - intake was high during hunter-gatherer times. Intake then fell and variances increased during and after the Neolithic agricultural revolution. Health, height, and IQ deteriorated. Low dietary doses are buffered by 'welcoming' gut symbionts and tuberculosis that can supply nicotinamide, but this co-evolved homeostatic metagenomic strategy risks dysbioses and impaired resistance to pathogens. Vitamin B deficiency may now be common among the poor billions on a low-meat diet. Disease transitions to non-communicable inflammatory disorders (but longer lives) may be driven by positive 'meat transitions'. High doses of nicotinamide lead to reduced regulatory T cells and immune intolerance. Loss of no longer needed symbiotic 'old friends' compounds immunological over-reactivity to cause allergic and auto-immune diseases. Inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumers and loss of methyl groups or production of toxins may cause cancers, metabolic toxicity, or neurodegeneration. An optimal dosage of vitamin B could lead to better health, but such a preventive approach needs more equitable meat distribution. Some people may require personalised doses depending on genetic make-up or, temporarily, when under stress.
在狩猎采集时代，肉类和维生素B（烟酰胺）的摄入量很高。新石器时代农业革命期间及之后，摄入量下降，差异增加。健康、身高和智商都出现了恶化。低饮食剂量可由能够提供烟酰胺的“友好”肠道共生菌和结核杆菌缓冲，但这种共同进化的稳态宏基因组策略存在微生物群落失调和病原体抵抗力受损的风险。现在，数十亿以低肉饮食为生的贫困人口中，维生素B缺乏可能很常见。向非传染性炎症性疾病（但寿命延长）的疾病转变可能由积极的“肉类转变”驱动。高剂量的烟酰胺会导致调节性T细胞减少和免疫不耐受。不再需要的共生“老朋友”的丧失会加剧免疫过度反应，从而引发过敏和自身免疫性疾病。抑制烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸的消耗以及甲基的丧失或毒素的产生可能导致癌症、代谢毒性或神经退行性变。最佳剂量的维生素B可能会带来更好的健康状况，但这种预防方法需要更公平地分配肉类。有些人可能需要根据基因构成或在压力下临时服用个性化剂量。
