Colizzi Marco, Bhattacharyya Sagnik
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF UK.
Curr Addict Rep. 2017;4(2):62-74. doi: 10.1007/s40429-017-0142-2. Epub 2017 Apr 29.
The lack of clarity about the effect of cannabis use on cognition may be attributable to the considerable heterogeneity among studies in terms of cannabis composition. This article selectively reviews studies examining the distinctive effects of cannabinoids on human cognition, particularly those of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
Research indicates that ∆9-THC administration acutely impairs cognition, particularly memory and emotional processing. Limited evidence suggests that CBD administration might improve cognition in cannabis users but not in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, studies indicate that some acute Δ9-THC-induced cognitive impairments may be prevented if Δ9-THC is administered in combination or following CBD treatment. Δ9-THC and CBD have also shown opposite effects on cognition-related brain activation, possibly reflecting their antagonistic behavioral effects.
Research suggests greater cognitive impairments in individuals when exposed to high ∆9-THC or low CBD cannabis. It is unclear whether at specific concentrations CBD might outweigh any harmful effects of Δ9-THC on cognition.
大麻使用对认知的影响尚不明确，这可能归因于不同研究中大麻成分存在显著差异。本文选择性回顾了关于大麻素对人类认知独特影响的研究，尤其是Δ9-四氢大麻酚（Δ9-THC）和大麻二酚（CBD）的相关研究。
研究表明，急性给予Δ9-THC会损害认知，尤其是记忆和情绪处理。有限的证据表明，给予CBD可能改善大麻使用者的认知，但对患有神经精神疾病的个体无效。此外，研究表明，如果Δ9-THC与CBD联合使用或在CBD治疗后使用，一些急性Δ9-THC引起的认知障碍可能会得到预防。Δ9-THC和CBD对与认知相关的大脑激活也表现出相反的作用，这可能反映了它们的拮抗行为效应。
研究表明，接触高Δ9-THC或低CBD大麻的个体存在更严重的认知障碍。目前尚不清楚在特定浓度下，CBD是否能抵消Δ9-THC对认知的任何有害影响。
