Zhao Lina, Johnson Takerra, Liu Dong
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017 Jun 5;8(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s13287-017-0578-2.
Ischemic diseases, the leading cause of disability and death, are caused by the stenosis or obstruction of arterioles/capillaries that is not compensated for by vessel dilatation or collateral circulation. Angiogenesis is a complex process leading to new blood vessel formation and is triggered by ischemic conditions. Adequate angiogenesis, as a compensatory mechanism in response to ischemia, may increase oxygen and nutrient supplies to tissues and protect their function. Therapeutic angiogenesis has been the most promising therapy for treating ischemic diseases. In recent years, stem cell transplantation has been recognized as a new technique with therapeutic angiogenic effects on ischemic diseases. Adipose-derived stem cells, characterized by their ease of acquisition, high yields, proliferative growth, and low immunogenicity, are an ideal cell source. In this review, the characterization of adipose-derived stem cells and the role of angiogenesis in ischemic attack are summarized. The angiogenic effects of adipose-derived stem cells are discussed from the perspectives of in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical trial studies for the treatment of ischemic diseases, including ischemic cardiac, cerebral, and peripheral vascular diseases and wound healing. The microvesicles/exosomes released from adipose-derived stem cells are also presented as a novel therapeutic prospect for treating ischemic diseases.
缺血性疾病是导致残疾和死亡的主要原因，它由小动脉/毛细血管的狭窄或阻塞引起，而这种狭窄或阻塞无法通过血管扩张或侧支循环得到代偿。血管生成是一个导致新血管形成的复杂过程，由缺血状况引发。充足的血管生成作为对缺血的一种代偿机制，可能会增加组织的氧气和营养供应并保护其功能。治疗性血管生成一直是治疗缺血性疾病最有前景的疗法。近年来，干细胞移植已被公认为是一种对缺血性疾病具有治疗性血管生成作用的新技术。脂肪来源干细胞具有易于获取、产量高、增殖生长以及免疫原性低等特点，是一种理想的细胞来源。在这篇综述中，总结了脂肪来源干细胞的特性以及血管生成在缺血发作中的作用。从体外、体内及临床试验研究等角度探讨了脂肪来源干细胞对包括缺血性心脏、脑和外周血管疾病以及伤口愈合在内的缺血性疾病的血管生成作用。脂肪来源干细胞释放的微泡/外泌体也作为治疗缺血性疾病的一种新的治疗前景被提及。
