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在低收入和中等收入国家制定指南:来自肯尼亚的经验教训。

Developing guidelines in low-income and middle-income countries: lessons from Kenya.

作者信息

English Mike, Irimu Grace, Nyamai Rachel, Were Fred, Garner Paul, Opiyo Newton

机构信息

Health Serviecs Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.

Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

出版信息

Arch Dis Child. 2017 Sep;102(9):846-851. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-312629. Epub 2017 Jun 5.

Abstract

There are few examples of sustained nationally organised, evidence-informed clinical guidelines development processes in Sub-Saharan Africa. We describe the evolution of efforts from 2005 to 2015 to support evidence-informed decision making to guide admission hospital care practices in Kenya. The approach to conduct reviews, present evidence, and structure and promote transparency of consensus-based procedures for making recommendations improved over four distinct rounds of policy making. Efforts to engage important voices extended from government and academia initially to include multiple professional associations, regulators and practitioners. More than 100 people have been engaged in the decision-making process; an increasing number outside the research team has contributed to the conduct of systematic reviews, and 31 clinical policy recommendations has been developed. Recommendations were incorporated into clinical guideline booklets that have been widely disseminated with a popular knowledge and skills training course. Both helped translate evidence into practice. We contend that these efforts have helped improve the use of evidence to inform policy. The systematic reviews, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approaches and evidence to decision-making process are well understood by clinicians, and the process has helped create a broad community engaged in evidence translation together with a social or professional norm to use evidence in paediatric care in Kenya. Specific sustained efforts should be made to support capacity and evidence-based decision making in other African settings and clinical disciplines.

摘要

在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,由国家持续组织开展、基于证据制定临床指南的过程鲜有实例。我们描述了2005年至2015年期间为支持基于证据的决策以指导肯尼亚住院治疗实践所做努力的发展历程。在四轮不同的政策制定过程中,开展综述、呈现证据以及构建和促进基于共识的建议制定程序透明度的方法不断改进。让重要人士参与的努力最初从政府和学术界扩展到包括多个专业协会、监管机构和从业者。超过100人参与了决策过程;研究团队之外越来越多的人参与到系统综述的开展中,并且已经制定了31条临床政策建议。这些建议被纳入临床指南手册,并与一门广受欢迎的知识和技能培训课程一同广泛传播。两者都有助于将证据转化为实践。我们认为这些努力有助于提高利用证据为政策提供信息的水平。临床医生对系统综述、推荐分级、评估、制定和评价(GRADE)方法以及从证据到决策的过程有了很好的理解,并且这一过程有助于创建一个广泛的群体,他们共同参与证据转化,并形成了在肯尼亚儿科护理中使用证据的社会或专业规范。应做出具体的持续努力,以支持非洲其他地区和临床学科的能力建设及基于证据的决策。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fe2f/5574404/c9d48586be2a/archdischild-2017-312629f01.jpg

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