Harris David J, Wilson Mark R, Crowe Emily M, Vine Samuel J
School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cogn Process. 2020 May;21(2):209-222. doi: 10.1007/s10339-020-00954-y. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
When tracking multiple moving targets among visually similar distractors, human observers are capable of distributing attention over several spatial locations. It is unclear, however, whether capacity limitations or perceptual-cognitive abilities are responsible for the development of expertise in multiple object tracking. Across two experiments, we examined the role of working memory and visual attention in tracking expertise. In Experiment 1, individuals who regularly engaged in object tracking sports (soccer and rugby) displayed improved tracking performance, relative to non-tracking sports (swimming, rowing, running) (p = 0.02, η = 0.163), but no differences in gaze strategy (ps > 0.31). In Experiment 2, participants trained on an adaptive object tracking task showed improved tracking performance (p = 0.005, d = 0.817), but no changes in gaze strategy (ps > 0.07). They did, however, show significant improvement in a working memory transfer task (p < 0.001, d = 0.970). These findings indicate that the development of tracking expertise is more closely linked to processing capacity limits than perceptual-cognitive strategies.
在视觉上相似的干扰物中追踪多个移动目标时，人类观察者能够将注意力分散到多个空间位置。然而，尚不清楚能力限制或感知认知能力是否是多目标追踪专业技能发展的原因。通过两项实验，我们研究了工作记忆和视觉注意力在追踪专业技能中的作用。在实验1中，经常从事目标追踪运动（足球和橄榄球）的个体相对于非追踪运动（游泳、划船、跑步）表现出更好的追踪性能（p = 0.02，η = 0.163），但在注视策略上没有差异（p > 0.31）。在实验2中，接受自适应目标追踪任务训练的参与者追踪性能有所提高（p = 0.005，d = 0.817），但注视策略没有变化（p > 0.07）。然而，他们在工作记忆转移任务中表现出显著改善（p < 0.001，d = 0.970）。这些发现表明，追踪专业技能的发展与处理能力限制的关系比与感知认知策略的关系更为密切。
