Lange Sigrun, Gallagher Mark, Kholia Sharad, Kosgodage Uchini S, Hristova Mariya, Hardy John, Inal Jameel M
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, 115, New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun 5;18(6):1196. doi: 10.3390/ijms18061196.
Exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed structures released from cells and participate in cell-to-cell communication via transport of biological molecules. EMVs play important roles in various pathologies, including cancer and neurodegeneration. The regulation of EMV biogenesis is thus of great importance and novel ways for manipulating their release from cells have recently been highlighted. One of the pathways involved in EMV shedding is driven by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) mediated post-translational protein deimination, which is calcium-dependent and affects cytoskeletal rearrangement amongst other things. Increased PAD expression is observed in various cancers and neurodegeneration and may contribute to increased EMV shedding and disease progression. Here, we review the roles of PADs and EMVs in cancer and neurodegeneration.
外泌体和微囊泡（EMV）是细胞释放的脂质双层包裹结构，通过生物分子运输参与细胞间通讯。EMV在包括癌症和神经退行性疾病在内的各种病理过程中发挥重要作用。因此，EMV生物发生的调控至关重要，并且最近突出了从细胞中操纵其释放的新方法。参与EMV脱落的途径之一是由肽基精氨酸脱亚氨酶（PAD）介导的翻译后蛋白质脱亚氨基作用驱动的，这是钙依赖性的，并且会影响细胞骨架重排等。在各种癌症和神经退行性疾病中观察到PAD表达增加，这可能导致EMV脱落增加和疾病进展。在这里，我们综述了PAD和EMV在癌症和神经退行性疾病中的作用。
