Pichel N, Vivar M
IMDEA Water Institute, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.
IMDEA Water Institute, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain; Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz 11519, Spain.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2017 Jul;42:32-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
Iodine content in drinking water at the Saharawi refugee camps was analysed to assess the controversy in the origin of the prevalence of goitre among this population. A review on the iodine presence in drinking water reported in the literature was conducted, along with international standards and guidelines for iodine intake and iodine concentration in drinking water were also consulted. Chinese legislation was taken as the reference standard to evaluate the iodine concentration in water as adequate (10-150μg/L) or not (high iodine >150μg/L and iodine excess goitre >300μg/L). Water sampling was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the Saharawi camps (El Aiun, Awserd, Smara, Boujador and Dakhla) and at the institutional capital of Rabouni. The water supply in the camps is organized in three zones: El Aiun and Awserd where each 'wilaya' receives treated water 20days and raw water another 20days; Smara, Rabouni and Boujador receiving treated water continuously and Dakhla receiving raw water continuously. Results show that Smara, Rabouni and Boujador have access to drinking water with adequate iodine levels, as it occurs in Dakhla where raw water meets the Chinese standard, however in El Aiun and Awserd all population should have access to treated water given the current quality of the raw water supply. External supplies of water and animal milk could be also contributing to the high iodine intake. In conclusion, the contribution of drinking water as the main source of iodine to the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and goitre prevalence among the Saharawi refugee population is not clear. Further studies should be conducted to assess the iodine content among all the nutritional sources of the population with a detailed study on the daily intake of these foods and drinks, including UIC and goitre prevalence studies.
对撒哈拉难民营饮用水中的碘含量进行了分析，以评估该人群甲状腺肿患病率来源的争议。对文献中报道的饮用水中碘的存在情况进行了综述，并参考了碘摄入量和饮用水中碘浓度的国际标准与指南。以中国立法作为参考标准，评估水中碘浓度是否充足（10 - 150μg/L）或不充足（高碘>150μg/L且碘过量致甲状腺肿>300μg/L）。2015年和2016年在撒哈拉营地（阿尤恩、阿斯沃德、斯马拉、布贾多尔和达赫拉）以及拉布尼的机构所在地进行了水样采集。营地的供水分为三个区域：阿尤恩和阿斯沃德，每个“省”20天接收处理过的水，另外20天接收原水；斯马拉、拉布尼和布贾多尔持续接收处理过的水，达赫拉持续接收原水。结果表明，斯马拉、拉布尼和布贾多尔可获得碘含量充足的饮用水，达赫拉也是如此，那里的原水符合中国标准，然而鉴于目前原水供应的质量，在阿尤恩和阿斯沃德，所有人都应能获得处理过的水。外部供水和动物奶也可能导致碘摄入量过高。总之，饮用水作为碘摄入的主要来源对撒哈拉难民人群尿碘浓度（UIC）和甲状腺肿患病率的贡献尚不清楚。应开展进一步研究，通过详细研究这些食物和饮料的每日摄入量，包括UIC和甲状腺肿患病率研究，来评估该人群所有营养来源中的碘含量。
