Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway.
PLoS One. 2019 Feb 15;14(2):e0212465. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212465. eCollection 2019.
Excessive iodine intake is a major public health problem in the Saharawi refugee camps in Algeria, where animal milk is an important source of iodine. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between iodine concentrations in locally produced animal milk and in animal drinking water and further to assess the risk of exceeding European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tolerable upper intake level for iodine (600 μg/d) among Saharawi women. In 2009 and 2010, 202 milk samples from goats and sheep and 52 milk samples from camel were collected. Iodine in milk was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, iodine in 56 water samples from the general water system and 54 water samples from wells, was determined by modified Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Animal milk is generally consumed mixed with water. The median (min, max) iodine intake from goat/sheep milk mixed with water in camps with high iodine content in human drinking water was 284 (57, 2889) μg/d and 19% of participants exceeded EFSA upper intake level for iodine. The median (min, max) iodine intake from camel milk mixed with water in all camps was 2100 (210, 11100) and 47% of participants exceeded the EFSA upper intake level. The median (min, max) iodine content in goat/sheep milk from camps with moderate and high iodine content in water was 507 (101, 4791) μg/L and 1612 (487, 9323) μg/L, respectively (p < 0.001). The iodine content in goat/sheep milk was positively associated with iodine content in animal drinking water (regression coefficient, B 5.71, 95% CI 4.03, 7.39). In conclusion, consumption of camel milk and living in camps with high water iodine content increased the risk of exceeding the EFSA upper intake level for iodine. We suggest that purified water for both human and animal consumption should be provided.
摄入过多的碘是阿尔及利亚撒哈拉难民营的一个主要公共卫生问题，在那里动物奶是碘的重要来源。本研究的目的是评估当地生产的动物奶和动物饮用水中的碘浓度之间的关系，并进一步评估撒哈拉妇女碘摄入量超过欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）可耐受的最高摄入量（600μg/d）的风险。2009 年和 2010 年，采集了 202 份羊奶和羊奶样本，52 份骆驼奶样本。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定奶中的碘。此外，通过改良的桑德尔-科尔托夫反应，测定了一般供水系统中的 56 份水样和井水中的 54 份水样中的碘含量。动物奶通常是与水混合饮用的。在人类饮用水碘含量高的难民营中，与水混合的羊奶/羊奶的碘摄入量中位数（最小值，最大值）为 284（57，2889）μg/d，19%的参与者碘摄入量超过 EFSA 的碘最高摄入量。所有难民营中骆驼奶与水混合的碘摄入量中位数（最小值，最大值）为 2100（210，11100），47%的参与者碘摄入量超过 EFSA 的碘最高摄入量。水碘含量适中的难民营中的羊奶/羊奶碘含量中位数（最小值，最大值）分别为 507（101，4791）μg/L 和 1612（487，9323）μg/L（p<0.001）。羊奶/羊奶中的碘含量与动物饮用水中的碘含量呈正相关（回归系数 B 5.71，95%置信区间 4.03，7.39）。总之，饮用骆驼奶和生活在高水碘含量的难民营增加了超过 EFSA 碘最高摄入量的风险。我们建议为人类和动物提供净化水。
