Aakre Inger, Bjøro Trine, Norheim Ingrid, Strand Tor A, Barikmo Ingrid, Henjum Sigrun
Department of Health Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;31:279-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.09.009. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
Excessive iodine intake may lead to thyroid dysfunction, which may be particularly harmful during pregnancy and lactation. The main objective was to describe iodine status and the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among lactating women in areas with high iodine (HI) and very high iodine (VHI) concentrations in drinking water.
A cross-sectional survey was performed among 111 lactating women in the Saharawi refugee camps, Algeria. Breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC), urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the iodine concentration in the most commonly consumed foods/drinks were measured. A 24-h dietary recall was used to estimate iodine intake. Thyroid hormones and antibodies were measured in serum.
Median UIC, BMIC and iodine intake across both areas was 350 μg/L, 479 μg/L and 407 μg/day, respectively. In multiple regression analyses, we discovered that being from VHI area was associated with higher UIC and BMIC. BMIC was also positively associated with iodine intake. Thyroid dysfunction and/or positive thyroid antibodies were found in 33.3% of the women, of which 18.9% had hypothyroidism and 8.1% had hyperthyroidism and 6.3% had positive antibodies with normal thyroid function. Elevated thyroid antibodies were in total found in 17.1%. We found no difference in distribution of thyroid dysfunction or positive antibodies between HI and VHI areas. BMI, BMIC and elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) predicted abnormal thyroid function tests.
The high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction may be caused by excessive iodine intake over several years.
碘摄入过量可能导致甲状腺功能障碍，这在妊娠和哺乳期可能尤其有害。主要目的是描述饮用水中碘含量高（HI）和碘含量非常高（VHI）地区哺乳期妇女的碘状况和甲状腺功能障碍患病率。
对阿尔及利亚撒哈拉难民营的111名哺乳期妇女进行了横断面调查。测量了母乳碘浓度（BMIC）、尿碘浓度（UIC）以及最常食用的食物/饮料中的碘浓度。采用24小时饮食回顾法估算碘摄入量。检测血清中的甲状腺激素和抗体。
两个地区的UIC、BMIC和碘摄入量中位数分别为350μg/L、479μg/L和407μg/天。在多元回归分析中，我们发现来自VHI地区与较高的UIC和BMIC相关。BMIC也与碘摄入量呈正相关。33.3%的女性存在甲状腺功能障碍和/或甲状腺抗体阳性，其中18.9%患有甲状腺功能减退，8.1%患有甲状腺功能亢进，6.3%甲状腺功能正常但抗体阳性。总共17.1%的人甲状腺抗体升高。我们发现HI和VHI地区之间甲状腺功能障碍或抗体阳性的分布没有差异。BMI、BMIC和甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）升高可预测甲状腺功能检查异常。
甲状腺功能障碍的高患病率可能是由多年来碘摄入过量引起的。
