Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.
Department of Psychology, Northeastern University.
Emotion. 2018 Aug;18(5):693-706. doi: 10.1037/emo0000330. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
Despite a growing number of studies suggesting that emotion words affect perceptual judgments of emotional stimuli, little is known about how emotion words affect perceptual memory for emotional faces. In Experiments 1 and 2 we tested how emotion words (compared with control words) affected participants' abilities to select a target emotional face from among distractor faces. Participants were generally more likely to false alarm to distractor emotional faces when primed with an emotion word congruent with the face (compared with a control word). Moreover, participants showed both decreased sensitivity (d') to discriminate between target and distractor faces, as well as altered response biases (c; more likely to answer "yes") when primed with an emotion word (compared with a control word). In Experiment 3 we showed that emotion words had more of an effect on perceptual memory judgments when the structural information in the target face was limited, as well as when participants were only able to categorize the face with a partially congruent emotion word. The overall results are consistent with the idea that emotion words affect the encoding of emotional faces in perceptual memory. (PsycINFO Database Record
尽管越来越多的研究表明情感词汇会影响对情绪刺激的感知判断，但对于情感词汇如何影响情绪面孔的感知记忆，人们知之甚少。在实验 1 和实验 2 中，我们测试了情感词汇（与控制词汇相比）如何影响参与者从干扰面孔中选择目标情绪面孔的能力。与控制词相比，参与者在用与面孔一致的情感词进行启动时，更有可能对面孔的干扰情绪做出错误警报（False Alarm）。此外，参与者在使用情感词（与控制词相比）进行启动时，表现出对目标和干扰面孔之间的辨别力降低（d'），以及反应偏差改变（c；更有可能回答“是”）。在实验 3 中，我们表明，当目标面孔的结构信息有限时，以及当参与者只能用部分一致的情感词对面孔进行分类时，情感词对感知记忆判断的影响更大。总体结果与情感词影响情绪面孔在感知记忆中的编码的观点一致。
